The Debate About Over‐the‐Counter Emergency Contraceptive Pills

Shi, Chih-Wen

doi:10.1016/j.jmwh.2004.11.010

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Apparently, scarce evidence supports the fears and concerns about reckless sexual behavior and overreliance on emergency contraception 47,48 . It is as yet unknown whether over the counter EC availability could come at the expense of doctor-patient contact overall or what impact the purportedly fewer contacts might have on clinical outcomes and sexual behavior 49 . The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has released a policy statement on conscience-based refusal to provide information or treatment.…”

Section: How To Reconcile Reproductive Rights and Ec With Conscientio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency contraception: unresolved clinical, ethical and legal quandaries still linger

Zaami¹,

Signore²,

Baffa³

et al. 2021

Panminerva Med

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Emergency contraception (EC) has been prescribed for decades, in order to lessen the risk of unplanned and unwanted pregnancy following unprotected intercourse, ordinary contraceptive failure, or rape. EC and the linked aspect of unintended pregnancy undoubtedly constitute highly relevant public health issues, in that they involve women's self-determination, reproductive freedom and family planning. Most European countries regulate EC access quite effectively, with solid information campaigns and supply mechanisms, based on various recommendations from international institutions herein examined. However, there is still disagreement on whether EC drugs should be available without a physician's prescription and on the reimbursement policies that should be implemented. In addition, the rights of health care professionals who object to EC on conscience grounds have been subject to considerable legal and ethical scrutiny, in light of their potential to damage patients who need EC drugs in a timely fashion. Ultimately, reproductive health, freedom and conscience-based refusal on the part of operators are elements that have proven extremely hard to reconcile; hence, it is essential to strike a reasonable balance for the sake of everyone's rights and well-being.

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Section: How To Reconcile Reproductive Rights and Ec With Conscientio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency contraception: unresolved clinical, ethical and legal quandaries still linger

Zaami¹,

Signore²,

Baffa³

et al. 2021

Panminerva Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Levonorgestrel is a drug with a long record of safety and use in contraceptive products. The single‐dose regimen of this drug clearly met FDA standards for safety and effectiveness required for over‐the‐counter availability, 55 but efforts to make it available without a prescription met with lengthy delays at the FDA and considerable controversy and charges about political agendas. A citizen's petition (in 2001) and a manufacturer's application (in 2003) to have the drug approved for over‐the‐counter access finally resulted (in 2006) in FDA approval for over‐the‐counter access to levonorgestrel‐only EC for women aged 18 years and older.…”

Section: Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Emergency Contraception

Murphy¹

2012

J Midwife Womens Health

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Emergency contraception (EC) is any method used after sexual intercourse to prevent pregnancy. This article provides an overview of the history of EC methods and describes the current availability of oral and intrauterine EC. Oral forms include the Yuzpe regimen (combining ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel), levonorgestrel-only pills, and ulipristal acetate, which is a new emergency contraceptive drug recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. The copper T-380A intrauterine device can also be used for EC. Information about dosing, timing, access, and other considerations in the provision of EC is covered. Clinicians should be aware of all available options in order to counsel women in need of EC appropriately.

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“…For instance, in France, Great Britain, and Canada, the levonorgestrelonly emergency contraceptive is available as an over-the-counter (OTC) medicine (31). For instance, in France, Great Britain, and Canada, the levonorgestrelonly emergency contraceptive is available as an over-the-counter (OTC) medicine (31).…”

Section: Addressing the Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review Articles

White

Omar

2010

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health

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The World Health Organisation defines child sexual abuse as the involvement of a child in sexual activity that he or she does not fully comprehend, is unable to give informed consent to, or for which the child is not developmentally prepared and cannot give consent, or that violates the laws or social taboos of society. Child sexual abuse is evidenced by this activity between a child and an adult or another child who by age or development is in a relationship of responsibility, trust or power, the activity being intended to gratify or satisfy the needs of the other person. It is estimated that in the world on average one in 3-4 women and one in 6-10 men were victims of sexual abuse in childhood. In Poland, according to the estimates of the Child's Rights Protection Committee, approximately 20% of girls and 5-6% of boys under the age of 15 years has suffered sexual abuse. In 2007 there was an increase in violence victims in all age categories, but the most alarming data concerned minors under 13 years. Girls fall victim to sexual abuse three times more frequently than boys. Sexual abuse of boys frequently involves violence. Data show that there are fewer women than men who execute such actions against a minor. Most victims (49-84%) know the perpetrator, and approximately 14-20% of acts of violence take place within the family. This article presents recommendations of the Polish Gynecological Society concerning procedures in cases of suspected sexual abuse of children. Abstract:The aim of this paper is to summarize the limited literature on clinical vampirism, vampire cults and the involvement of adolescents in vampire-like behavior. The various definitions of clinical vampirism are outlined and the emergence of vampire cults from Gothic culture is examined. Further, the clinical features of cult behavior, the attraction to cults, the risk factors for cult involvement, and the clinical management of cult members are discussed. Additionally, vampire popular media is briefly introduced and a case study presented. Abstract:We have analyzed the Danish national drug directory (Medicine.dk) and found that it provides the information from industrial drug trials instead of the more objective and reliable information on the drugs provided by meta-analyses made by researchers independent of the pharmaceutical industry, like the Cochrane collaboration. The consequence of this is a strong bias, as a large fraction of the drugs are presented more positive and less harmful than they actually are. Whole classes of drugs that in independent meta-analyses have been found to be of little clinical value, or even harmful, are still listed in the national drug directories as beneficial drugs, i.e. anticancer chemotherapy, the anti-depressive drugs, and the anti-psychotic drugs. To solve this serious problem of misguidance, we have identified the core principles for rational listening of data regarding positive and negative effects of the pharmaceutical drugs. An outline of a standard list of positive and negative drug effects is sugges...

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The Debate About Over‐the‐Counter Emergency Contraceptive Pills

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Emergency contraception: unresolved clinical, ethical and legal quandaries still linger

Emergency contraception: unresolved clinical, ethical and legal quandaries still linger

Update on Emergency Contraception

Review Articles

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