The degradation of dyestuffs: Part II Behaviour of dyestuffs in aerobic biodegradation tests

Pagga, Udo; Brown, D.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(86)90542-4

Cited by 593 publications

(252 citation statements)

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“…Biological treatment processes are considered to be economical [9] but due to the complex polyaromatic structure, recalcitrant nature and low BOD to COD ratio (<0.1), wastewater-containing dyes are not possible to degrade by means of biological treatment unit [10]. However, some researchers have reported that partial mineralization of few dyes can be achieved by anaerobic followed by aerobic treatment [11][12][13][14][15] but the problem associated with anaerobic treatment of azo dyes is mainly it requires long hydraulic retention time (HRT) [16,17], long sludge retention time (SRT) [16,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Fenton-biological treatment scheme for the treatment of aqueous dye solutions

Lodha

2007

Journal of Hazardous Materials

196

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Fenton-biological treatment scheme for the treatment of aqueous dye solutions

Lodha

2007

Journal of Hazardous Materials

196

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“…The fate of dye stuff was investigated in biologically based primary treatment to understand the mechanism of biological potential in activated sludge and it was found that partial color removal was achieved by adsorption of the dyes to the sludge (even though they were water soluble). Also, subsequent removal by flocculation and the possibility of better results by adaptation of microbes in textile effluent medium (where the carbon source is only in the form of effluent) has been observed (Pagga and Brown 1986). Dye toxicity may restrict the microbial diversity of activated sludge and reduce the extent of color removal in treatment process (Brown et al 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the impact of textile effluents on microbial diversity in Tirupur district, Tamil Nadu

et al. 2016

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The expedited advent of urbanization and industrialization for economic growth has adversely affected the biological diversity, which is one of the major concerns of the developing countries. Microbes play a crucial role in decontaminating polluted sites and degrades pollution load of textile effluent. The present study was based on identification of microbial diversity along the Noyaal river of Tirupur area. River water samples from industrial and non-industrial sites and effluent samples of before and after treatment were tested and it was found that microbial diversity was higher in the river water at the industrial site (Kasipalayam) as compared to the non-industrial site (Perur). Similarly, the microbial populations were found to be high in the untreated effluent as compared to the treated one by conventional treatment systems. Similar trends were observed for MBR treatment systems as well. Pseudomonas sp., Achromobacter sp. (bacterial species) and Aspergillus fumigates (fungal species), found exclusively at the industrial site have been reported to possess decolorization potential of dye effluent, thus can be used for treatment of dye effluent. The comparison of different microbial communities from different dye wastewater sources and textile effluents was done, which showed that the microbes degrade dyestuffs, reduce toxicity of wastewaters, etc. From the study, it can be concluded that the microbial community helps to check on the pollutants and minimize their affect. Therefore, there is a need to understand the systematic variation in microbial diversity with the accumulation of pollution load through monitoring.

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“…The fecal enzyme activity of azoreductase is commonly considered a marker for procarcinogenic activity (14). The nonspecificity of the azoreductase reaction is also demonstrated by many reports on the decolorization of azo dyes by sewage sludge under anaerobic conditions (6,28). It seems that almost all azo compounds tested are biologically reduced under anaerobic conditions, although there are some indications that metal-ion-containing dyes sometimes have reduced decolorization rates (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Alkali-Thermostable Azoreductase from Bacillus sp. Strain SF

Maier

Kandelbauer

Erlacher

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

217

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A screening for dye-decolorizing alkali-thermophilic microorganisms resulted in a Bacillus sp. strain isolated out of the wastewater drain of a textile finishing company. An NADH-dependent azoreductase of this strain, Bacillus sp. strain SF, was found to be responsible for the decolorization of azo dyes. This enzyme was purified by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation and anion-exchange and affinity chromatography and had a molecular mass of 61.6 kDa and an isoelectric point at pH 5.3. The pH optimum of the azoreductase depended on the substrate and was within the range of pHs 8 to 9, while the temperature maximum was reached at 80°C. Decolorization only took place in the absence of oxygen and was enhanced by FAD, which was not consumed during the reaction. A 26% similarity of this azoreductase to chaperonin Cpn60 from a Bacillus sp. was found by peptide mass mapping experiments. Substrate specificities of the azoreductase were studied by using synthesized model substrates based on di-sodium-(R)-benzyl-azo-2,7-dihydroxy-3,6-disulfonyl-naphthaline. Those dyes with NO 2 substituents, especially in the ortho position, were degraded fastest, while analogues with a methyl substitution showed the lowest degradation rates.In the last few years, environmental legislation, e.g., about the appearance of color in discharges, combined with the increasing cost of water for the industrial sector, has made the treatment and reuse of dyeing effluents increasingly attractive to the industry. The common method for the treatment of wastewater in the textile finishing industry is physicochemical flocculation in combination with biological treatment (17). The conventional treatment of colored effluents produces a lot of sludge, but does not remove all dyes, thus preventing recycling of the treated wastewater. In activated sludge treatments, dyeing effluents, e.g., reactive azo dyes and naphthaline-sulfonic acids as well as aromatic amino derivatives, represent an extensive nonbiodegradable class of compounds (18) and can even inhibit activated sludge organisms. Thus, the development of more effective biological systems for the treatment of these types of wastewater has resulted in considerable interest by the industry.Wood-rotting fungi (e.g., Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trametes sp., and Aspergillus sp.) have been found to effectively degrade a variety of azo dyes under aerobic conditions (16). Dye-degrading fungi have been used frequently in bioreactors for the decolorization and degradation of azo dyes (37). While fungal treatment of effluents is usually very time-consuming (3), immobilized enzymes could have potential for dye decolorization and recycling of effluents (1) without the need for the addition of growth substrates. The enzymes involved in the degradation of azo dyes are mainly peroxidases (12) and laccases (1). However, a significant cost reduction for these enzymes would be required in order to make this process economically more attractive. Aerobic bacteria have been described to oxidatively decolorize m...

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The degradation of dyestuffs: Part II Behaviour of dyestuffs in aerobic biodegradation tests

Cited by 593 publications

References 5 publications

Optimization of Fenton-biological treatment scheme for the treatment of aqueous dye solutions

Optimization of Fenton-biological treatment scheme for the treatment of aqueous dye solutions

Assessment of the impact of textile effluents on microbial diversity in Tirupur district, Tamil Nadu

A New Alkali-Thermostable Azoreductase from Bacillus sp. Strain SF

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