The Degradation Properties of MgO Whiskers/PLLA Composite In Vitro

Zhao, Yun; Liu, Bei; Bi, Hongwei; Yang, Jinjun; Li, Wei; Liang, Hui; Liang, Y.; Jia, Zhi-Bin; Shi, Shuxin; Chen, Minfang

doi:10.3390/ijms19092740

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Importantly, the addition of nanowhiskers increased the degradation rate more than the introduction of nanoparticles. In previous studies, modulating the MgO nanowhiskers content in PLLA nanocomposites modulated the degradation rate with an increase in degradation occurring with increased MgO nanowhisker content [61]. The introduction of MgO nanowhiskers also increased the cytocompatibility of the PLLA composites as seen through increased cell counts, consistent with previous studies on unfunctionalized magnesium [55,61].…”

Section: Metal-based Additivessupporting

confidence: 85%

Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid) Nanocomposites for Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing

Bardot

Schülz

2020

Nanomaterials

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3D printing by fused deposition modelling (FDM) enables rapid prototyping and fabrication of parts with complex geometries. Unfortunately, most materials suitable for FDM 3D printing are non-degradable, petroleum-based polymers. The current ecological crisis caused by plastic waste has produced great interest in biodegradable materials for many applications, including 3D printing. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), in particular, has been extensively investigated for FDM applications. However, most biodegradable polymers, including PLA, have insufficient mechanical properties for many applications. One approach to overcoming this challenge is to introduce additives that enhance the mechanical properties of PLA while maintaining FDM 3D printability. This review focuses on PLA-based nanocomposites with cellulose, metal-based nanoparticles, continuous fibers, carbon-based nanoparticles, or other additives. These additives impact both the physical properties and printability of the resulting nanocomposites. We also detail the optimal conditions for using these materials in FDM 3D printing. These approaches demonstrate the promise of developing nanocomposites that are both biodegradable and mechanically robust.

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Section: Metal-based Additivessupporting

confidence: 85%

Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid) Nanocomposites for Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing

Bardot

Schülz

2020

Nanomaterials

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“…This was possibly related to the dissolution of MgO and/or Mg(OH) 2 . Moreover, the produced Mg(OH) 2 was able to induce an alkaline microenvironment, which could facilitate the PLA degradation (possibly corresponding to the pits at the surface [ 55 ] and cavities inside the composite [ 56 ]), and thus enhance the mass loss [ 57 ]. The mass of PGF/PLA composite kept reducing after Day 1, suggesting the progressive hydrolytic degradation of PGF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive-Manufactured Gyroid Scaffolds of Magnesium Oxide, Phosphate Glass Fiber and Polylactic Acid Composite for Bone Tissue Engineering

Liu

Rudd

2021

Polymers

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Composites of biodegradable phosphate glass fiber and polylactic acid (PGF/PLA) show potential for bone tissue engineering scaffolds, due to their ability to release Ca, P, and Mg during degradation, thus promoting the bone repair. Nevertheless, glass degradation tends to acidify the surrounding aqueous environment, which may adversely affect the viability and bone-forming activities of osteoblasts. In this work, MgO was investigated as a neutralizing agent. Porous network-phase gyroid scaffolds were additive-manufactured using four different materials: PLA, MgO/PLA, PGF/PLA, and (MgO + PGF)/PLA. The addition of PGF enhanced compressive properties of scaffolds, and the resultant scaffolds were comparably strong and stiff with human trabecular bone. While the degradation of PGF/PLA composite induced considerable acidity in degradation media and intensified the degradation of PGF in return, the degradation media of (MgO + PGF)/PLA maintained a neutral pH close to a physiological environment. The experiment results indicated the possible mechanism of MgO as the neutralizing agent: the local acidity was buffered as the MgO reacted with the acidic degradation products thereby inhibiting the degradation of PGF from being intensified in an acidic environment. The (MgO + PGF)/PLA composite scaffold appears to be a candidate for bone tissue engineering.

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“…Recent investigations of MgO whisker/PLA composites have shown increased crystallinity, Young’s modulus, tensile strength and hydrophilicity of the composites in comparison with pure PLA [ 39 ]. The mechanical properties decreased during long-term degradation of the MgO whisker/PLA composites but their cytocompatibility was promising, with increased urine fibroblast (L929) cell viability on the coatings containing 2 wt% of MgO [ 40 ] and enhanced adhesion, increased viability and proliferation of osteoblast precursor (MC3T3-E1) cells on the coatings with 5% MgO content in comparison with pure PLA coatings [ 41 ]. Therefore, it would be wise to continue the investigation on the novel nanotextured MgO/polymer composites with further relevant tissue cell compatibility in vitro tests and in vivo tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Polymeric Composites with Embedded Nanotextured Magnesium Oxide

et al. 2021

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Nanotextured magnesium oxide (MgO) can exhibit both antibacterial and tissue regeneration activity, which makes it very useful for implant protection. To successfully combine these two properties, MgO needs to be processed within an appropriate carrier system that can keep MgO surface available for interactions with cells, slow down the conversion of MgO to the less active hydroxide and control MgO solubility. Here we present new composites with nanotextured MgO microrods embedded in different biodegradable polymer matrixes: poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA), poly-lactide (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL). Relative to their hydrophilicity, polarity and degradability, the matrices were able to affect and control the structural and functional properties of the resulting composites in different manners. We found PLGA matrix the most effective in performing this task. The application of the nanotextured 1D morphology and the appropriate balancing of MgO/PLGA interphase interactions with optimal polymer degradation kinetics resulted in superior bactericidal activity of the composites against either planktonic E. coli or sessile S. epidermidis, S. aureus (multidrug resistant-MRSA) and three clinical strains isolated from implant-associated infections (S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa), while ensuring controllable release of magnesium ions and showing no harmful effects on red blood cells.

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The Degradation Properties of MgO Whiskers/PLLA Composite In Vitro

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid) Nanocomposites for Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing

Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid) Nanocomposites for Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing

Additive-Manufactured Gyroid Scaffolds of Magnesium Oxide, Phosphate Glass Fiber and Polylactic Acid Composite for Bone Tissue Engineering

Antimicrobial Polymeric Composites with Embedded Nanotextured Magnesium Oxide

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