The demand for ocean cruises - three perspectives.

Abstract

This chapter aims to contribute to a richer and more complex understanding of the demand for ocean cruises than that usually offered in industry studies and market research reports. Three perspectives on cruise demand are presented. The first perspective is largely quantitative and focuses on volumes, prices, distributions and time paths. It corresponds to the perspective conveyed by many market studies. The second perspective on cruise demand is psychological, emphasizing in particular two aspects that are characteristic for the cruise sector: high consumer involvement and repeat buying. The third perspective, finally, is sociological and interprets cruise demand and the value of cruises for passengers in the context of the postmodern age or, more precisely, of Zygmunt Bauman's concept of liquid modernity.

Model for Estimation of Fuel Consumption of Cruise Ships

“…This is significantly more than the 1200-1300 kg estimated by Eijgelaar [11] or Carnival's 1067 kg CO 2 (considering 10.5 Mt of fuel and 9.8 Mio passengers). Assuming a worldwide average of 7 days for a cruise (slightly shorter for North Americans and longer for Europeans; [59]), passenger per day emissions would amount to around 239 kg CO 2 on the basis of IMO data [1]. However, a reason for the comparatively high figure in the IMO study could be that auxiliary engines have been added for both diesel electric and "geared systems" without subtracting it from total MCR, which, as this paper shows, could lead to an overestimation of fuel consumption on the order of 50%.…”

The growth and development of the cruise sector: a perspective article

“…The growth rate of cruise passenger numbers has been stagnating over the past years, suggesting that the sector is approaching the maturity stage of its life-cycle, at least in its traditional source markets (Vogel and Oschmann, 2012;Weeden et al, 2011). While this contention may appear somewhat contradictory to the sector's published growthforecasts, a closer examination of their methodological aspects and key assumptions warranties scepticism towards their validity (Haahti et al, 2013, p. 129;Papathanassis and Vogel, 2012;Kollwitz and Papathanassis, 2011).…”

Cruise tourism: social media content and network structures

“…The greatest growth in this sector, however, is in the amount of information being shared, both by firms and by customers (CLIA, 2016). Vogel and Oschmann (2012) questioned whether this phenomenon is truly promising, given that cruise prices have decreased in the past decade and competitors must continually reinvent themselves to offer memorable tourist experiences.…”

“…Nevertheless, various factors have been found to influence tourists' intentions to take a cruise. Initial investigations have centered on economic, institutional and cultural environments (Vogel and Oschmann, 2012) leading to a definition of segments based on prices (Petrick et al, 2006;Satta et al, 2016) and destinations (Field et al, 1985). Beyond this context, Hung and Petrick (2011) found that passengers' intentions to take cruises could be influenced by a wider set of personal and emotional factors, such as the opportunity to escape from their everyday environment, relax, improve relationships with family, engage in social interaction and enjoy novel and luxurious experiences (Huang and Hsu, 2009).…”