The Demandingness of Scanlon’s Contractualism

Abstract

, and two anonymous referees and the editors at Ethics for their very helpful comments. I am especially grateful to David Copp and Derek Parfit for their extremely extensive and astute comments on several drafts. 1. I am using the term 'impartial' in a substantive sense, to denote the claim that each person's interests have equal moral weight. I will focus on Kantian contractualism rather than Gauthier's alternative version of contractualism because, as Brian Barry has forcefully argued, in Justice as Impartiality (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), Gauthier's version does not incorporate impartiality in this substantive sense.

The natural duty of justice in non-ideal circumstances: On the moral demands of institution building and reform

“…Instead, I want to focus on the widespread conviction that, suitably specified, the natural duty of justice provides a normative bridge between institutional demands of distributive justice and individual responsibilities in non-ideal circumstances (for general discussion, see Murphy 2000;Miller 2011;Ashford 2003;Hooker 1995;Ridge 2011;Kates 2014). This conviction, I argue, is misguided.…”

“…Ashford 2003). Yet, if my argument in the previous section is correct, this affirmative answer is unwarranted.…”

Living in Agreement with a Contract: The Management of Moral and Viable Firm–Stakeholder Relationships

“…Scanlon did not construct his theory directly to be applied in the context of business organizations, but this is equally true in the case of Kant, Rawls, and other moral theorists, whose works form the foundation of the modern business ethics literature. Although Scanlon' s theory is seen as the most powerful version of contractualism (Ashford, 2003), it also has its inherent weaknesses (for further discussion see Wallace, 2002) in the same way as have other moral theories. As a result, by noticing its limitations and restrictions, the application and modification of Scanlon' s theory in the established firmstakeholder interactions provides a welcome advancement in the business ethics literature.…”

International Human Rights Obligations within the States System: The Avoidance Account

“…For instance, Gilabert (, pp. 27–40) and Ashford () have tried to offer a decision‐making device grounded on Scanlon's contractualism. See also my discussion of these proposals in Montero .…”