The design and application of multifunctional structure-battery materials systems

Thomas, James P.; Qidwai, Muhammad A.

doi:10.1007/s11837-005-0228-5

Cited by 127 publications

(100 citation statements)

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“…with (2) multifunctional structural energy storage materials (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Carbon nanomaterials are particularly suitable building blocks for this type of application due to their inherent multifunctionality (excellent electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties) (13).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Structural-energy Storage Nanocomposites for Ultra Lightweight Micro Autonomous Vehicles

Bundy¹,

Cole²,

Rivera³

et al. 2013

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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. ii REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGEForm Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)February 2013 ARL-TR-6366 SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTA key concern in the design of micro autonomous vehicles is an onboard energy supply that is able to satisfy system power requirements while also limiting the mass/volume burden to the platform. The conventional solution is to increase the energy density of the power supply, typically a commercial battery. Another approach is to replace single-function structural components with multifunctional structural energy storage materials to supplement the main power supply. Here we report on the use of flexible carbon nanotube (CNT)-based composites for multifunctional structural energy storage applications. Supercapacitors were fabricated from aligned and non-aligned CNT-based polymer composites and were subject to electrical and mechanical characterization. In addition, an electromechanical characterization technique was used to explore the multifunctional behavior of the solid-state flexible supercapacitors. Initial tests showed that the specific capacitance of the composite materials increased by approximately 10% as the structure was subject to a 2% mechanical strain. These preliminary results indicate that these multifunctional solid-state composites could potentially replace micro vehicle flexible structural components, supplement system power requirements, and ultimately increase platform endurance. SUBJECT TERMS

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Structural-energy Storage Nanocomposites for Ultra Lightweight Micro Autonomous Vehicles

Bundy¹,

Cole²,

Rivera³

et al. 2013

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“…For the small-scale aerial vehicle, one of the successful implementation of energy storing/harvesting structure is seen on The Wasp UAV [6,7]. The weight of conventional battery package is eliminated and the flight endurance is enhanced through the structural-battery laminated wing skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric energy harvester composite under dynamic bending with implementation to aircraft wingbox structure

Akbar

Curiel-Sosa

2016

Composite Structures

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.Piezoelectric energy harvester composite under dynamic bending with implementation to aircraft wingbox structureDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, Mappin Street, S1 3JD Sheffield, United Kingdom AbstractIn this paper, an investigation on the energy harvesting exerted by the dynamic bending responses of a piezoelectric embedded wingbox is presented. An innovative hybrid mathematical/computational scheme is built to evaluate the energy harvested by a mechanical system. The governing voltage differential equations of the piezoelectric composite beam are coupled with the finite element method output. The scheme is able of evaluating various excitation forms including dynamic force and base excitation. Thus, it provides the capability to analyse a complicated structure with a more realistic loading scenario. Application to the simulation of a notional jet aircraft wingbox with a piezoelectric skin layer is shown in some detail. The results pointed out that the electrical power generated can be as much as 25.24 kW for a 14.5 m wingspan. The capabilities and robustness of the scheme are shown by comparison with results from the literature.

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“…Some common approaches are to incorporate commercial, prismatic, lithium-ion battery cells into structural components 7,10,11 or to reinforce solid-state lithium cells with high-strength backing (usually carbon fiber reinforced plastic, or CFRP).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incorporation of structural energy storage can theoretically increase the flight endurance time in small UAVs because of the interdependence of the subsystem weights, amount of available energy, and flight endurance. 7,9 Theoretical analysis by our own group predicted as much as 200% increase in flight endurance when structural batteries are fully incorporated into a small UAV. 9 Even modest increases in flight time, such as 10% or 20%, would provide significant benefit because missions are often limited to less than an hour endurance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Supercapacitors with Enhanced Performance Using Carbon Nanotubes and Polyaniline

Hudak¹,

Schlichting²,

Eisenbeiser³

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Carbon fiber electrodes for structural supercapacitors were modified to achieve increases in specific capacitance and energy density. In cyclic voltammetry tests with a liquid electrolyte, the specific capacitance of a commercial carbon fiber fabric weave was 0.84 F g −1 or lower, depending on the sweep rate. Impregnation of the carbon fiber with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) or electrochemical functionalization of the carbon fiber increased the capacitance to 3 F g −1 . Electrochemical functionalization of the MWCNT-impregnated carbon fiber further increased the capacitance to 7.2 F g −1 . Electrochemical synthesis and deposition of polyaniline on carbon fiber electrodes increased the electrode capacitance to 26 F g −1 . MWCNT and polyaniline were incorporated into structural supercapacitors made of carbon fiber electrodes, glass fiber separator, and poly(ethylene glycol)-based solid polymer electrolyte. Incorporation of MWCNT increased the specific capacitance and energy density 28-fold, to 125 mF g −1 and 17.4 mWh kg −1 , respectively. Mechanical properties were comparable to previously demonstrated structural energy storage devices. Although the specific capacitance of these solid-state supercapacitors was significantly higher than what was previously demonstrated, the energy density, rate capability, and mechanical performance still require significant improvements for multifunctional structural energy storage devices to be competitive with conventional supercapacitors and carbon fiber composites. In multifunctional material systems, two or more functions are performed by the same material, component, or structural unit.1 The goal in the design of such systems is a smaller volume or mass compared to a combination of corresponding monofunctional elements. One of the most common types of multifunctional material systems is structural energy storage, in which a battery, capacitor, or supercapacitor acts as a structural element for the overall system. Various forms of structural energy storage have been described, 2 and these systems have been proposed for application in communications satellites, 3 spacecraft, 4 ground vehicles, 5 and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). 6-9Small UAVs are typically powered by rechargeable batteries and are prime candidates for incorporation of a structural battery, for example as part of a wing or fuselage. Incorporation of structural energy storage can theoretically increase the flight endurance time in small UAVs because of the interdependence of the subsystem weights, amount of available energy, and flight endurance. 7,9 Theoretical analysis by our own group predicted as much as 200% increase in flight endurance when structural batteries are fully incorporated into a small UAV. 9Even modest increases in flight time, such as 10% or 20%, would provide significant benefit because missions are often limited to less than an hour endurance.Much of the previous work on structural energy storage has focused on lithium-ion batteries. Some common approaches are to incorporate commerc...

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The design and application of multifunctional structure-battery materials systems

Cited by 127 publications

References 10 publications

Multifunctional Structural-energy Storage Nanocomposites for Ultra Lightweight Micro Autonomous Vehicles

Multifunctional Structural-energy Storage Nanocomposites for Ultra Lightweight Micro Autonomous Vehicles

Piezoelectric energy harvester composite under dynamic bending with implementation to aircraft wingbox structure

Structural Supercapacitors with Enhanced Performance Using Carbon Nanotubes and Polyaniline

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