The Design of an Open View Autorefractometer

Eye preference within the context of binocular functions

“…Accommodation A Canon-R1 infra-red autorefractometer [24,25] was used for objective measurement of the static accommodation separately for the left and right eye for viewing target at far (4.50 m) and near (40 cm) distance. The far target was a Landolt ring of 0.8 acuity level, the near target was a ring crossed by a thin line.…”

Changes in the static accommodation response with age

“…Accommodation was recorded with a Canon R1 autorefractor, which uses a large beamsplitter to give an open ®eld of view (Matsumura et al, 1983;McBrien and Millodot, 1985). Head position was stabilised with the browbar and chinrest of the instrument.…”

Modification of the Canon Auto Ref R1 for use as a continuously recording infra‐red optometer

“…A commercially available autorefractor, the Canon Auto Ref R1, which possesses the above advantages for static refraction was introduced in 1981. The autorefractor works on the principle of grating focus and differs from other available automatic optometers in that it allows an open binocular field-of-view through a large beam-splitter, providing a more natural visual environment (Matsumura et al, 1983). Clinical investigations have shown the instrument to provide reliable and valid results when compared with other traditional methods of refraction (Matsumura et al, 1983;McBrien and Millodot, 1985).…”

“…The autorefractor works on the principle of grating focus and differs from other available automatic optometers in that it allows an open binocular field-of-view through a large beam-splitter, providing a more natural visual environment (Matsumura et al, 1983). Clinical investigations have shown the instrument to provide reliable and valid results when compared with other traditional methods of refraction (Matsumura et al, 1983;McBrien and Millodot, 1985). The open field-of-view and the ease of operation have made the instrument a popular choice for measuring static accommodative level to an arry of visual tasks (Gilmartin and Bullimore, 1987;Winn er a/., 1987;Ward, 1987).…”