The design of outreach training focusing on the cultivation of higher-order thinking in the SPOC environment

The Effect of SPOC Hybrid Model on Deep Learning Effectiveness: A Systematic Literature Review

“…Among the 27 papers screened since 2018-2023, 2 articles considered SPOC as a curricular tool that can enable deep learning, exploring the difficulties and crises encountered by SPOC in deep learning practice, but without giving specific recommendations Dong & Zeng, 2020); 18 papers focused on exploring 18 articles focus on exploring suggestions and measures for SPOC to facilitate deep learning An & Qu, 2021;Yang et al, 2019;Filius, 2019;Chen & Chen, 2019;Li et al, 2023;Liu, 2020;Filius & Uijl, 2021;Gan et al al., 2022), such as the development of SPOC courses (An & Qu, 2021), or enhancing learning through peer feedback ; eight papers focused on examining the role and effectiveness of SPOC for deep learning (Bin & Ahmad, 2022;Kang & He, 2018;Zhang et al, 2019;Ning et al, 2021;Chen et al, 2021;Ma, 2021;Shang, 2022). Moreover, most studies conducted on SPOC and deep learning are empirical.…”

“…Moreover, most studies conducted on SPOC and deep learning are empirical. Among them, interview method Ma, 2021;Hadad et al, 2021); questionnaire analysis Gan & Zhang, 2020); Bin & Ahmad, 2022;Zhang et al, 2019;Li et al, 2023;Ning et al, 2021), experimental method (Yang et al, 2020), and case method Kang & He, 2018;Dong & Zeng, 2020) as the primary research methods.…”

“…2018;Gan & Zhang, 2020;Dong & Zeng, 2020;Xianyu & Hu, 2020;Chen & Chen, 2019;Li et al, 2023;Liu, 2020;Filius & Uijl, 2021;Chen et al, 2021;Gan et al, 2019;Xiao, 2020;Yue & Jiqiong, 2020;lAgrebi, 2019;Fang et al, 2022), and 21 studies from China (An & Qu, 2021;Yang et al, 2020;Kang & He, 2018;Gan & Uijl, 2021;Gan et al, He, 2018;Gan & Zhang, 2020;Dong & Zeng, 2020;Xianyu & Hu, 2020;Dong et al, 2020;Chen et al, 2021;Ma, 2021;Gan et al, 2019;Xiao, 2020;Yue & Jiqiong, 2020;Agrebi, 2019;Fang et al, 2022;Shang, 2022). Only some studies have focused on students in other academic segments (Ning et al, 2021) or pre-service training (Ma, 2021). SPOC and deep learning have been applied in higher education in recent years, an important direction to cultivate students' comprehensive quality in higher education.…”

“…Seven articles in 2021 on the topics of applying deep learning models to SPOC classrooms (An & Qu 2021;, strategies of SPOC to facilitate deep learning (Gan & Zhang, 2020;Ning et al, 2021;Filius & Uijl, 2021;Chen et al, 2021;Ma, 2021); and three articles in 2022, covering topics such as the application of SPOC models in different courses and the effects of deep learning (Bin & Ahmad, 2022;Fang et al, 2022), SPOC to promote deep learning (Shang, 2022).…”

“…Of the 27 relevant papers, 16 papers treat deep learning as a learning state, focusing on exploring how this desired learning state can be achieved or enhanced through SPOC Yang et al, 2020;Kang & He, 2018;Dong & Zeng, 2020;Xianyu & Hu, 2020;Zhang et al, 2019;Filius, 2019;Chen & Chen, 2019;Li et al, 2023;Filius & Uijl, 2021;Chen et al, 2021;Yue & Jiqiong, 2020;Shang, 2022). 11 papers deal with deep learning as an educational theory to explore the application of SPOC guided by deep learning theory and the final results that this application can achieve (An & Qu, 2021;Bin & Ahmad, 2022;Gan & Zhang, 2020;Dong et al, 2019;Ning et al, 2021;Liu, 2020;Gan et al, 2019;Xiao, 2020;Agrebi, 2019;Fang et al, 2022). In the relationship between SPOC and deep learning, SPOC has instrumental properties: both the achievement of deep learning states and the implementation of deep learning theories point to the proper use of SPOC Xianyu & Hu, 2020;Agrebi, 2019).…”