The detection and dimension of bubble entrainment and comminution

Leighton, Timothy G.; White, P.R.; Schneider, Mike

doi:10.1121/1.421374

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…For the bigger size 8.4 mm, the peak more obviously shifts to the left at the lower frequency (120 kHz). This agrees with the results obtained by previous researchers (Jin and Kim [2]; Pandit et al (1992); Leighton et al [8]; Boyd and Varley [7]) where large bubbles have a low peak frequency in the pressure spectrum.…”

Section: Voltssupporting

confidence: 93%

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Acoustic frequency for bubble size correlation using acoustic emissions

Husin¹,

Addali²

2012

Advances in Fluid Mechanics IX

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In this study, a correlation between acoustic frequency and the bubble size of a single bubble burst at the free surface has been demonstrated. Bubble burst was used as it is an acoustically noisy process, independent parameter and potential source of AE in a liquid medium. An AE transducer was used to record sound as the bubble bursts at the free surface. The acoustic data were then processed to extract the bursting frequency associated with the bubble size. The frequency of the acoustic bursting has been shown to be related to the size of the bubble. The effects of liquid viscosity on acoustically determined bubble size has also been demonstrated.

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Section: Voltssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Leighton et al [8] employed a Gabor transform time-frequency signal analysis technique to determine bubble size in their investigation of bubble entrainment and bubble cloud generation under a waterfall, and a plunging jet. Computing the Gabor expansion of a signal is one form of time-frequency analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic frequency for bubble size correlation using acoustic emissions

Husin¹,

Addali²

2012

Advances in Fluid Mechanics IX

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“…The technique was applied to other natural phenomena, e.g. wavebreaking and rain at sea (Updegraff & Anderson 1991;Leighton et al 1998a); and methane seeps (Leifer & Tang 2007). The 'signature' method was also applied to laboratory scale tests of a range of natural phenomena, including bubbles generated by rain over water (Pumphrey & Walton 1988) and wave breaking (Medwin & Beaky 1989;Kolaini & Crum 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of undersea gas leaks from carbon capture and storage facilities, from pipelines and from methane seeps, by their acoustic emissions

Leighton

White

2011

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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In recent years, because of the importance of leak detection from carbon capture and storage facilities and the need to monitor methane seeps and undersea gas pipelines, there has been an increased requirement for methods of detecting bubbles released from the seabed into the water column. If undetected and uncorrected, such leaks can generate huge financial and environmental losses. This paper describes a theory by which the passive acoustic signals detected by a hydrophone array can be used to quantify gas leakage, providing a practical (as opposed to research), passive and remote detection system which can monitor over a period of years using simple instrumentation. The sensitivity in detecting and quantifying the flux of gas is shown to exceed by more than two orders of magnitude the sensitivity of the current model-based techniques used commercially for gas leaks from large, long pipelines.

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“…Spectral approaches have recently been developed to enable quantification of gas flux from seeps of a significant size (Leighton and White, 2012;Leighton et al, 1998). These were tested in the QICS marine leakage experiment (Blackford et al, 2015).…”

Section: Offshore Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

The state of the art in monitoring and verification—Ten years on

Jenkins

Chadwick

Hovorka

2015

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

187

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a b s t r a c tIn the ten years since publication of the IPCC Special Report on CCS, there has been considerable progress in monitoring and verification (M&V). Numerous injection projects, ranging from small injection pilots to much larger longer-term commercial operations, have been successfully monitored to the satisfaction of regulatory agencies, and technologies have been adapted and implemented to demonstrate containment, conformance, and no environmental impact. In this review we consider M&V chiefly from the perspective of its ability to satisfy stakeholders that these three key requirements are being met. From selected project examples, we show how this was done, and reflect particularly on the nature of the verification process. It is clear that deep-focussed monitoring will deliver the primary requirement to demonstrate conformance and containment and to provide early warning of any deviations from predicted storage behaviour. Progress in seismic imaging, especially offshore, and the remarkable results with InSAR from In Salah are highlights of the past decade. A wide range of shallow monitoring techniques has been tested at many sites, focussing especially on the monitoring of soil gas and groundwater. Quantification of any detected emissions would be required in some jurisdictions to satisfy carbon mitigation targets in the event of leakage to surface: however, given the likely high security of foreseeable storage sites, we suggest that shallow monitoring should focus mainly on assuring against environmental impacts. This reflects the low risk profile of well selected and well operated storage sites and recognizes the over-arching need for monitoring to be directed to specific, measureable risks. In particular, regulatory compliance might usefully involve clearer articulation of leakage scenarios, with this specificity making it possible to demonstrate "no leakage" in a more objective way than is currently the case. We also consider the monitoring issues for CO 2 -EOR, and argue that there are few technical problems in providing assurance that EOR sites are successfully sequestering CO 2 ; the issues lie largely in linking existing oil and gas regulations to new greenhouse gas policy. We foresee that, overall, monitoring technologies will continue to benefit from synergies with oil and gas operations, but that the distinctive regulatory and certification environments for CCS may pose new questions. Overall, while there is clearly scope for technical improvements, more clearly posed requirements, and better communication of monitoring results, we reiterate that this has been a decade of significant achievement that leaves monitoring and verification well placed to serve the wider CCS enterprise.Crown

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The detection and dimension of bubble entrainment and comminution

Cited by 23 publications

References 40 publications

Acoustic frequency for bubble size correlation using acoustic emissions

Acoustic frequency for bubble size correlation using acoustic emissions

Quantification of undersea gas leaks from carbon capture and storage facilities, from pipelines and from methane seeps, by their acoustic emissions

The state of the art in monitoring and verification—Ten years on

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