2015
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.05.009
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The state of the art in monitoring and verification—Ten years on

Abstract: a b s t r a c tIn the ten years since publication of the IPCC Special Report on CCS, there has been considerable progress in monitoring and verification (M&V). Numerous injection projects, ranging from small injection pilots to much larger longer-term commercial operations, have been successfully monitored to the satisfaction of regulatory agencies, and technologies have been adapted and implemented to demonstrate containment, conformance, and no environmental impact. In this review we consider M&V chiefly fro… Show more

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Cited by 187 publications
(100 citation statements)
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References 205 publications
(230 reference statements)
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“…A good understanding of natural/background variability in soil gas, flux and atmospheric gases is important for identifying anomalous values of gas concentration or flux that might be indicative of seepage, as part of near surface monitoring above CO 2 storage sites (Jenkins et al, 2015). The baseline range of these parameters is also useful for identifying areas with enhanced CO 2 levels that might be impacted as a result of leakage.…”
Section: Baselines For Near Surface Gasesmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…A good understanding of natural/background variability in soil gas, flux and atmospheric gases is important for identifying anomalous values of gas concentration or flux that might be indicative of seepage, as part of near surface monitoring above CO 2 storage sites (Jenkins et al, 2015). The baseline range of these parameters is also useful for identifying areas with enhanced CO 2 levels that might be impacted as a result of leakage.…”
Section: Baselines For Near Surface Gasesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The converse is also true, in that sites where the main objective was the study of ecosystem impacts had, of necessity, to monitor the concentration and flux of CO 2 and other parameters to assess the impacts and so have helped to develop monitoring methods (Jenkins et al, 2015).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A large number of potential technologies for CO 2 monitoring already exist, as summarized in the literature (e.g. Chadwick, 2008;Chadwick et al, 2009;Jenkins et al, 2015;Litynski et al, 2012;Liu, 2012). Technologies and methods available for near-surface and surface monitoring include: groundwater monitoring (e.g.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…a repository, natural source). This spatial sampling problem with point-wise monitoring is discussed, e.g., by Jenkins et al (2015).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…While many monitoring tools can address all three, each driver may have different value of information (Eiken et al, 2011;Jenkins et al, 2015). For example, operational direct monitoring places importance on well head and down-hole pressures, flow rate, gas composition sampling, and direct optical monitoring of the seafloor.…”
Section: Industrial Scale Monitoring Examplesmentioning
confidence: 99%