The Determinants of Child Health in Pakistan: An Economic Analysis

Shehzad, Shafqat

doi:10.1007/s11205-005-3247-2

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, in Middle Eastern countries and African countries, it has been observed that child mortality rate has been declined along with a reduction in economic growth. It implies that income is not the single variable that affects the child mortality; there are some other factors that affect the child mortality (Cutler, Deaton, & Lleras-Muney, 2006;Shehzad, 2006).…”

Section: Health Expenditure and Child Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few studies observed that child mortality rate decreases when economic growth increase (Van den Berg, Lindeboom, & Portrait, 2006) but some studies found that economic growth is not a powerful determinant of child mortality because it has low and in some cases no association with child mortality (Filmer, 1999;Maruthappu et al, 2017). Especially in low-income countries where political and local administration is corrupt and give low priority to social indicators (Shehzad, 2006).…”

Section: Health Expenditure and Child Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study argued that health expenditure explains less than one-seventh of 1% of the observed differences in child mortality rate across countries. Another study (Shehzad, 2006), discusses the impact of household income and education on child mortality. The study found that income and education have an inverse or negative relationship with child mortality.…”

Section: Economic Growth and Child Mortality Environment Quality And mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Step toward Realization of Vision 2030; Reduction in Child Mortality: New Evidence from South Asian Countries

Kauser¹

2019

JISR-MSSE

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The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of economic and social factors on child mortality in South Asian countries. Economic factors consist of economic growth, private and public health expenditures while social factors are comprised of access to improved water sources, access to improved sanitation facilities, and environmental quality. This study collected the data from World Development Indicators (WDI) over the period of 1967-2016. This study utilized Johnson co-integration test to investigate the long run co-integration. The study found that long-run co-integration exits among the modeled variables. The results of long-run co-integration recommend that Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) is appropriate to examine the short-run relationship among the modeled variables. The study found that access to improve water and sanitation facilities, environmental quality, total health expenditure, and economic growth significantly and negatively affect child survival. Moreover, the study has also investigated private and public health expenditure on child mortality separately and found that the size of the impact of public health expenditure is greater than private health expenditure. This study guides the policy makers and international agencies that in order to meet the required rate of child mortality they should invest more in the health sector and should provide clean water, sanitation facilities to its residents. Moreover, the study recommends that the government should revise environmental policies to lower the child mortality rate.

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Section: Health Expenditure and Child Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Health Expenditure and Child Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Economic Growth and Child Mortality Environment Quality And mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Step toward Realization of Vision 2030; Reduction in Child Mortality: New Evidence from South Asian Countries

Kauser¹

2019

JISR-MSSE

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“…A literature review confirmed that wages, medical prices, education, and age were consensus variables in estimating health demand. Some researchers have found wages have a positive effect on health demand -this positive effect is that wages increase the health stock [13], [14], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23]. In contrast to Gupta and Grave [24] who found the effect was not significant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Demand: Empirical Study of Effective Urban Households Demand in Indonesia

Ichwan

Firmansyah

Jokolelono

2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: Grossman's health demand model recognizes medical price as a determinant of the estimation model. This article aims to examine the role of medical expenses in health demand by utilizing the number of sick and disturbed days obtained from Susenas, a survey on the expenditure of household food and non-food consumption conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics to measure health demand and health insurance as a medical price in a reduction model. Health insurance can replace medical expenses because those who have health insurance face relatively low medical costs and face lower medical prices than those without health insurance. METHODS: Using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation technique, sebuah teknik estimasi model regresi for 6,642 households this was obtained through three stages: First, using 71,932 sample households of susenas that relied fully on the Susenas sampling method by BPS; Second, find households that have experienced health problems during the last 6 months; Third, find households that have health expenditures of 24,341. Furthermore, the estimation model is based on 6,642 households identified to be in urban areas using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation method. FINDINGS: The health demand estimation model that can be used to determine the behavior of health demand among urban households is limited to households with formal primary school (SD) education levels. Taking advantage of certain wages, age, cigarette expenditure, and sports expenses, it was found that the number of sick days and felt disturbed in the household group that had health insurance was 5.68 days relatively greater than those without health insurance. However, expanding to higher education and older age was found to be 1.47 days and 1.57 days. Aging tends to decrease good health and health insurance tends to increase it. CONCLUSION: It was found that health stocks differed between insured households and households without health insurance in those with aging.

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“…Pov-erty and low socioeconomic status are associated with higher risk of death in infancy and childhood, chronic childhood illness, and many acute illnesses. It has also been found that the longer the child is exposed to adverse social conditions and he worse the social conditions, the greater the effect (Smith, 1999;Wagstaff et al, 2004;Armar -Klemesu, 2004;Shehzad, 2006).…”

Section: Use Of Bed-netsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Child Health at the Periphery of the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana

Buor¹

2008

Jnl Sci Tech

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The paper examined some of the factors that influence child health at peripheral settlements of the Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana. The simple random technique, supported by purposive procedure, was used to select 240 women whose children were above 2 years but less than 5. Formal interview was the main data collection instrument, whilst linear regression, alongside crosstabulation, was the main analytical tool. Results showed that the principal determinants of child health, in the metropolis were mother's education, household income and exclusive breastfeeding (nutrition). Besides, the use of insecticide bed-nets has been established as having a positive impact on child health. Among the recommendations to improve child health in the locality are the adoption of an integrated approach by appropriate government Ministries and institutions to lift women from the buck of ignorance and poverty through the functional literacy and income generation programmes, whilst steps should be taken to ensure effective formal education of the girl-child. It is recommended that a survey on the impact of childhood immunisation on child health, using a larger sample size, be carried out. A schematic model of the determinants of child health has emerged. This survey has an additional merit of deviating from the normal bivariate and purely descriptive approaches to the use of the multivariate model which evaluates the impact of independent variables.

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The Determinants of Child Health in Pakistan: An Economic Analysis

Abstract: child health, latent variables, MIMIC models, stock of health, unobservability, 112,

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

A Step toward Realization of Vision 2030; Reduction in Child Mortality: New Evidence from South Asian Countries

A Step toward Realization of Vision 2030; Reduction in Child Mortality: New Evidence from South Asian Countries

Health Demand: Empirical Study of Effective Urban Households Demand in Indonesia

Factors Influencing Child Health at the Periphery of the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana

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