The Determination of a Sensory Response to Alkyl 2-Cyanoacrylate Vapor in Air

McGee, W. A.; Oglesby, F. L.; Raleigh, Robert L.; Fassett, David W.

doi:10.1080/00028896809343055

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Based on McGee et al, (17) the ACGIH in the United States and HSE in the United Kingdom have used these data, in part, to suggest occupational exposure limits (OELs) to control against immediate sensory irritation effects. (2,4) Both groups considered 1 ppm MCA vapor as the appropriate concentration when irritant effects were observed, and 2 ppm at the threshold for nasal and Recommended in 1993, as reported by ACGIH.…”

Section: Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3) There is only one published human study of the exposure-response relation for the cyanoacrylate adhesives and sensory irritation. (17) This study provides the basis for current occupational exposure limits for MCA. The authors provided little detail as to the total duration and number of exposures for subjects, although on the basis of the associated sampling program, exposure duration at a given concentration would seem to have been at least 5 min and perhaps up to 1 hour.…”

Section: Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Airborne Concentrations of Ethyl and Methyl Cyanoacrylate in the Workplace

Paustenbach

Burke²,

Shum³

et al. 2001

AIHAJ - American Industrial Hygiene Association

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A survey was conducted of persons who manufacture, mix, bottle, and package methyl 2-cyanoacrylate (MCA) and ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate (ECA). Airborne concentrations of these cyanoacrylates also were measured during waste-handling operations. During a 1-week period, 162 personal and area samples were collected. About 90% of the samples were analyzed for ECA (the predominant adhesive being manufactured at the facility). About 50% of the samples were collected during periods of 15 min or less, the remainder for 15 to 240 min. Some 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) samples also were collected. Samples were collected using Tenax tubes with subsequent analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. Most samples were collected where highest exposure was likely (e.g., during mixing, bottling, and packaging). Peak concentrations of exposure (duration of 15 min or less), measured during a variety of tasks, ranged from 0.003 to 1.5 ppm. In particular, personal mean short-term airborne concentrations of ECA for the mixing operators ranged from 0.039 ppm to 0.650 ppm, while various 10-min to 1-hour activities were performed, with a TWA concentration of 0.07 ppm. Personal short-term airborne concentrations of ECA for bottling and packaging workers (n = 60) were 0.040 ppm +/- 0.016 ppm (mean +/- standard deviation), with similar 8-hour TWA concentrations due to the continuous nature of bottling and packaging. Other personal samples were not significantly different. The area samples were normally within a factor of 2 of the peak personal sampling results. These data indicate that, when handled at room temperature and relative humidity ranging from 40-69%, both MCA and ECA produce airborne concentrations that are nearly always less than about 0.1 ppm, which is less than the threshold of irritation.

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Section: Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne Concentrations of Ethyl and Methyl Cyanoacrylate in the Workplace

Paustenbach

Burke²,

Shum³

et al. 2001

AIHAJ - American Industrial Hygiene Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Regarding the reaction mechanism of DEAA and ester formation from AA and DEA, there has been several studies suggest that the acidity of the catalyst plays an important role [4,5,7]. Revealing the acid sites on the catalysts and their relation to the DEAA (DEMA) formation was achieved using NH 3 adsorption.…”

Section: Ir Spectroscopic Identification Of the Intermediate Nn-dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of these compounds are incorporated in the preparation of vehicles for paints. Acid catalysts, on the other hand, such as sulfuric acid or P-toluene sulfonic acid increase the rate of polyesteramidification, but usually cause color formation and other detrimental side reactions [7]. For this reason the latter catalysts are generally not used in high-temperature cooks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic polymerization of N,N-diethanol acrylamide with phthalic anhydride in the presence of H-mordenite and Fe-mordenite zeolites

Mohamed

El‐Hai

2004

Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical

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“…For example, a study involving MCA vapors produced no irritation effects at 1 ppm, with first signs of throat and nose irritation occurring after 5 min to 1 h with exposure at 2 ppm. More marked irritation effects, including rhinorrhea and lacrimation, have been reported at concentrations of 20 ppm and higher (McGee et al, 1968).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Epidemiologic Study of Pulmonary Obstruction in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Ethyl and Methyl Cyanoacrylate

Goodman

Paustenbach²,

Sipe³

et al. 2000

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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The association between pulmonary obstruction (e.g., asthma) and occupational exposure to methyl cyanoacrylate (MCA) and ethyl cyanoacrylate (ECA) was examined in an occupational cohort of 450 persons at an adhesive production facility in Puerto Rico. Employee medical records containing information on physical examinations and pulmonary function tests (PFTs), as well as occupational histories, on each employee over a period of about 17 yr and industrial hygiene measurements were evaluated. The cohort analysis was based on a Cox proportional hazards model. Workers exposed to ECA or MCA were compared to workers unexposed to these chemicals with respect to their risk of becoming an "incident case." An "incident case" was defined as any person whose PFTs were normal at the time of employment, but later demonstrated an obstructive pattern, which was defined as a decline in the ratio of forced expiratory volume exhaled in 1 s to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) below 70%. A separate case-control analysis was also conducted that compared "suspected cases," defined as all those whose PFTs ever demonstrated an obstructive pattern (e.g., asthma), to persons whose PFTs remained within normal limits throughout their employment with respect to their past peak and cumulative exposures to cyanoacrylates. All of these analyses showed no evidence that exposure to average short-term concentrations of ECA or MCA of less than 0.5 ppm and occasional daily peak exposures of at least 1.5 ppm (usually 10 min or less), with occasional higher concentrations during spills, were associated with an increased risk of pulmonary obstruction. However, the study suggested that persons occupationally exposed to cyanoacrylates were more likely to have some reversible eye or upper airway irritation than persons who were unexposed.

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The Determination of a Sensory Response to Alkyl 2-Cyanoacrylate Vapor in Air

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Airborne Concentrations of Ethyl and Methyl Cyanoacrylate in the Workplace

Airborne Concentrations of Ethyl and Methyl Cyanoacrylate in the Workplace

Catalytic polymerization of N,N-diethanol acrylamide with phthalic anhydride in the presence of H-mordenite and Fe-mordenite zeolites

Epidemiologic Study of Pulmonary Obstruction in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Ethyl and Methyl Cyanoacrylate

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