The Determination of Nutrient Value, Digestibility and Energy Levels of Compound Feeds Used for Ruminant Nutrition by in Vitro Methods

Abstract

There are small number of tables that show digestibility and energy contents of compound feeds produced by feed factory in different regions of Turkey. Thus, in this paper, four different compound feed types (dairy cattle, beef cattle, calf and lamb growing feeds), totalling 78 compound feeds were analysed to determine their feeding value, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) digestibility and energy content (digestible energy (DE), metabolisable energy (ME) and net energy for lactation (NEL). As a result of this study, the crude fiber (CF) levels were higher than standard values in calf and lamb compound feeds and beef cattle compound feeds; however, in the dairy cattle and calf and lamb compound feeds, the crude protein (CP) values were lower than standard values. These findings are considered highly important for the region's animal feeding. According to our results, the compound feeds for dairy cattle and lamb being used for ruminant nutrition in Diyarbakir Province of Turkey were found to have low nutrient qualities; however, in the calf feed both the metabolisable energy level and nutrient quantities were low. Keywords IntroductionTo increase the healthful eating of animal products as an important part of our society, it is necessary to feed the animals in a rational way. In particular, the quantity and quality of proteins in animal feed are important. The feeding values and energy content of animal feeds vary according to, soil conditions, climate and processing methods etc. There are a small number tables that show digestibility and energy contents of compound feeds produced in different regions of Turkey. Low-quality feedstuffs can cause serious nutritional disorders in animals (Çelik et al., 2003;Ergün et al., 2004;Baran, 2014). In order to prevent health problems that arise from imbalanced and insufficient nutrition, it is essential to use a higher quality of animal products to manufacture feeds in animal nutrition (Akdeniz et al., 2005;Baran, 2014;Oğuz et al., 2016).The nutrient content of feed materials used in compound feed production has been shown in the tables grouped in different sources (Dale and Batal 2005;Baran et al., 2008a). Baran et al. (2008b), working in the Diyarbakir province, studied the nutritional content of compound feeds for ruminants. Excluding beef cattle feed from the other compound feeds, they found that the feeds below the declared level of crude protein, while the crude fiber content was higher than declared.There is a close relationship between the digestibility of feeds in terms of organic matter digestibility and energy (Turgut et al., 2002;Denek and Deniz 2004;Ergün et al., 2004). A fast and accurate method for determining the nutritional value of compound feed is of great importance. The determination of feed value is currently made through chemical and biological analyses. However, chemical analyses cannot adequately measure the real value of animal feeds; the actual feed quality depends on an evaluation of the nutrients in the context of the animals being fed (Kara ...

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“…Various feedstuffs need to be evaluated in ration formulation (Hasan et al 2020;Peiretti 2020) because the chemical content presents quality-related information (Forejtová et al 2005;Al-Arif et al 2017). Determination of feed nutrient quality requires a fast and accurate method such as chemical and biological analysis (Baran et al 2017). An in vitro method is a digestibility and fermentation rate test (Mayulu et al 2020) that provides animals' biological attributes in a simpler way (Fondevila and Espés 2008).…”

In vitro evaluation of ruminal digestibility and fermentation characteristics of local feedstuff-based beef cattle ration

“…Various feedstuffs need to be evaluated in ration formulation (Hasan et al 2020;Peiretti 2020) because the chemical content presents quality-related information (Forejtová et al 2005;Al-Arif et al 2017). Determination of feed nutrient quality requires a fast and accurate method such as chemical and biological analysis (Baran et al 2017). An in vitro method is a digestibility and fermentation rate test (Mayulu et al 2020) that provides animals' biological attributes in a simpler way (Fondevila and Espés 2008).…”