The development and implications of a personal problem-solving inventory.

Screening Instruments for the Early Detection of Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

“…The PSI probes individuals' global beliefs about everyday problems and their perception of their problem-solving ability. 26 In this regard, the PSI has been interpreted as an indicator of confidence in cognitive abilities and self-efficacy in managing real-life problems. 8,27 A total score is derived from three subscales: problem-solving confidence (PSC; self-assurance, belief and trust in problem-solving skills), approach-avoidance style (tendency to avoid or withdraw from problems), and personal control (belief that one is in control of emotions and behavior when solving problems).…”

Predictors of Academic Motivation: Epistemological Beliefs, Learning Approaches and Problem Solving Skills

“…In the framework of Self-determination Theory, Ryan (1985, 1991) emphasized that the students having low perception about problem solving skills were amotivated. Besides, the results of some research concerning the avoidance of problem solving had correlation with lack of deciding and evading responsibility (Maydeu-Olivares & D'Zurilla, 1996;Heppner et al, 1982;Vallerand & Bissonnette, 1992), boredom and tiredness (Elliot, 1999), desocilization (D'Zurilla & Chang, 1995) which are all the behaviours describing amotivation.…”

“…Besides, the recent studies of motivation have revealed that motivation has a significant role in the transfer of problem solving skills (Pintrich & Schunk, 2002;Elliot, 1999). Heppner et al (1982) claimed that while problem solving confidence was connected with identified extrinsic motivational orientation not only individual personal but also style of avoidance was associated with amotivation. It was also found that more confident problem solvers are more motivated, more persistent and systematic and have higher perception and expectation of success.…”

“…University students' problem solving skills were evaluated through Problem Solving Skills Scale developed by Heppner and Peterson (1982) and adapted to Turkish by Şahin, Şahin and Heppner (1993). It was a likert type scale consisting of 32 items and scored from 1 to 6.…”

Problem-Solving Skills of High School Students Exercising Regularly in Sport Teams

“…In the personal information form, the participants were required to reply to three personal information questions: their age, whether they are athlete or not, and their branch of sport. The Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI) was developed by Heppner and Petersen (1982) in the United States of America to analyze the main dimensions of the personal problem-solving period in real life and factors in this period. The Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI) was translated into Turkish by Sahin and Petersen (1993).…”