The Development of Cam-Type Deformity in Adolescent and Young Male Soccer Players

Abstract

Cam-type deformities were recognizable and present from the age of 13 years and were more prevalent in soccer players than in their nonathletic peers. Cam-type deformity develops during adolescence and is likely to be influenced by high-impact sports practice.

Femoro-acetabular Impingement: Definition, Etiology, Pathophysiology

“…, 13 % had a prominence at the head-neck junction, and 53 % had flattening; this was in comparison to rates of 17 %, 0 %, and 18 %, respectively, for these measures in nonathlete control patients [29]. Elite club basketball players who had played basketball year-round since age 8 were found to have greater mean alpha angles than controls, as well as higher mean alpha angles after physeal closure [30].…”

Diagnosis and management of femoroacetabular impingement: A review of the literature

“…Certain factors have been suggested to cause FAI, including high-impact athletic activities during growth [6], paediatric hip diseases [7,8], and genetic factors [1,9]. Even when no morphologic abnormalities are present, impingement can occur at extremes of hip movement.…”

Return to Play Following Hip Arthroscopy

“…21,22 In addition, symptomatic FAI has been demonstrated to be more common in certain types of athletes as compared with the general population. [23][24][25][26] Increased prevalence of femoroacetabular impingement in athletes Gerhardt and colleagues 25 showed that the prevalence of FAI among 95 elite male and female soccer players was high, with 70% cam-type and 50% pincer-type lesions observed on radiographs. In a comparative study evaluating 22 asymptomatic male semiprofessional and 22 amateur male soccer players (median age: 23.3; range: 18-30 years), Lahner and colleagues 27 demonstrated that the mean kicking leg alpha angle in the semiprofessional group (57.3 AE 8.2 ) was significantly higher as compared with the amateur group (51.7 AE 4.8 , P 5 .008).…”

“…26,32,33 Agricola and colleagues 26 demonstrated in 89 elite pre-professional soccer players and 92 controls (age range: 12-19 years) that cam-type lesions on radiographs were identified significantly more often in soccer players as compared with their nonathletic peer controls (elite: 13%; controls: 0%, P<.03). The investigators found cam-type lesions in athletes as young as 13 years.…”