The development of endotoxin tolerance, and the role of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal function and glucocorticoids in Pekin ducks

Marais, Manette; Maloney, Shane K.; Gray, David A.

doi:10.1242/jeb.056499

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In the current study, no tolerance was observed, since no significant decrease was observed for LPS primary stimulated cells in the surface expression of the activation markers CD40 and MHC-II nor NO production upon secondary stimulation with LPS. The fact that we did not find evidence of LPS-induced tolerance in the current study contrasts with other in vivo studies in birds [38,39]. At this moment we are not able to clarify the absence of the tolerogenic state of the LPS primary stimulated cells.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Training of Primary Chicken Monocytes Results in Enhanced Pro-Inflammatory Responses

Verwoolde

Biggelaar

Baal

et al. 2020

Veterinary Sciences

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Beta-glucan-stimulated mammalian myeloid cells, such as macrophages, show an increased responsiveness to secondary stimulation in a nonspecific manner. This phenomenon is known as trained innate immunity and is important to prevent reinfections. Trained innate immunity seems to be an evolutionary conserved phenomenon among plants, invertebrates and mammalian species. Our study aimed to explore the training of primary chicken monocytes. We hypothesized that primary chicken monocytes, similar to their mammalian counterparts, can be trained with β-glucan resulting in increased responses of these cells to a secondary stimulus. Primary blood monocytes of white leghorn chickens were primary stimulated with β-glucan microparticulates (M-βG), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), recombinant chicken interleukin-4 (IL-4) or combinations of these components for 48 h. On day 6, the primary stimulated cells were secondary stimulated with LPS. Nitric oxide (NO) production levels were measured as an indicator of pro-inflammatory activity. In addition, the cells were analyzed by flow cytometry to characterize the population of trained cells and to investigate the expression of surface markers associated with activation. After the secondary LPS stimulation, surface expression of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) and the activation markers CD40 and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) was higher on macrophages that were trained with a combination of M-βG and IL-4 compared to unstimulated cells. This increased expression was paralleled by enhanced NO production. In conclusion, this study showed that trained innate immunity can be induced in primary chicken monocytes with β-glucan, which is in line with previous experiments in mammalian species. Innate immune training may have the potential to improve health and vaccination strategies within the poultry sector.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Training of Primary Chicken Monocytes Results in Enhanced Pro-Inflammatory Responses

Verwoolde

Biggelaar

Baal

et al. 2020

Veterinary Sciences

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“…Previous exposure to LPS does not affect the body temperature response during a second LPS injection when injections are more than 2 weeks apart (at least in Pekin ducks; Marais et al, 2011b). This was true also in our study ( previous LPS dose: P=0.61).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 82%

Body temperature changes during simulated bacterial infection in a songbird: fever at night and hypothermia at day

Sköld-Chiriac

Nord

Tobler

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Although fever (a closely regulated increase in body temperature in response to infection) typically is beneficial, it is energetically costly and may induce detrimentally high body temperatures. This can increase the susceptibility to energetic bottlenecks and risks of overheating in some organisms. Accordingly, it could be particularly interesting to study fever in small birds, which have comparatively high metabolic rates and high, variable body temperatures. We therefore investigated two aspects of fever and other sickness behaviours (circadian variation, dose dependence) in a small songbird, the zebra finch. We injected lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the beginning of either the day or the night, and subsequently monitored body temperature, body mass change and food intake for the duration of the response. We found pronounced circadian variation in the body temperature response to LPS injection, manifested by (dose-dependent) hypothermia during the day but fever at night. This resulted in body temperature during the peak response being relatively similar during the day and night. Day-tonight differences might be explained in the context of circadian variation in body temperature: songbirds have a high daytime body temperature that is augmented by substantial heat production peaks during activity. This might require a trade-off between the benefit of fever and the risk of overheating. In contrast, at night, when body temperature is typically lower and less variable, fever can be used to mitigate infection. We suggest that the change in body temperature during infection in small songbirds is context dependent and regulated to promote survival according to individual demands at the time of infection.

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“…Therefore in the present study, LPS from Escherichia coli 055:B5 was used, which was induced only transient fever, vomiting and diarrhea. Although repeated administration of LPS developed an adaptive response in a set of behaviors (such as the febrile response), which was similar to the results of previous studies (36,37), it did induce a system inflammatory response and increase in the inducibility of AF.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

α-adrenoceptor-mediated enhanced inducibility of atrial fibrillation in a canine system inflammation model

Chen

Sun

Jiang

et al. 2017

Molecular Medicine Reports

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The exact mechanism associated with inflammation and atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of connexin 43 (Cx43) and a1‑adrenergic receptor (α1‑AR) activation in the pathogenesis of system inflammation‑induced AF. A canine model of chronic low‑grade system inflammation was established by administrating a low dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.1 µg/kg) for 2 weeks. Programmed stimulation was applied on the right atrial appendage to determine the effective refractory periods (ERP) and the window of vulnerability (WOV). Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‑α) and interleukin 6 (IL‑6) levels in plasma and atrial tissue were measured by ELISA. Cx43, Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor κB (NF‑κB) proteins were analyzed using western blotting or immunohistochemistry. Administration of LPS for 2 weeks increased the concentration of TNF‑α and IL‑6 in the plasma and right atrium. ERP was markedly shortened and cumulative WOV was significantly widened in the LPS group. Following treatment with LPS, the amount of Cx43 protein in the area of intercalated disk increased. In addition, a high‑density of Cx43 in the lateral connection was identified. LPS also induced the activation of NF‑κB in the canine atrium. Administration with the α1‑AR blocker doxazosin prevented the production of LPS‑induced inflammatory cytokine and reversed the enhanced vulnerability to atrial fibrillation. Doxazosin inhibited the LPS‑induced increase in Cx43 protein and heterogeneous distribution, and prevented the activation of NF‑κB. These results indicated that chronic low‑grade system inflammation may increase the inducibility of AF in a canine model. The underlying mechanism may be involved in the LPS‑induced activation of NF‑κB, and the increase in Cx43 expression and lateral distribution via an α1-AR-dependent pathway.

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The development of endotoxin tolerance, and the role of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal function and glucocorticoids in Pekin ducks

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

Training of Primary Chicken Monocytes Results in Enhanced Pro-Inflammatory Responses

Training of Primary Chicken Monocytes Results in Enhanced Pro-Inflammatory Responses

Body temperature changes during simulated bacterial infection in a songbird: fever at night and hypothermia at day

α-adrenoceptor-mediated enhanced inducibility of atrial fibrillation in a canine system inflammation model

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