The development of lateral‐line sense organs in amphibians observed in living and vital‐stained preparations

Stone, L. S.

doi:10.1002/cne.900570307

Cited by 113 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…When the neuromasts become enclosed in canals, di vision ceases (Bamford, 1941), whereas those which remain on the exterior may continue to form new sense organs for some time. The primary neuromasts, during migration, move in definite directions (Stone, 1933). The cephalic lines precede, both ontogenetically and phylogenetically, the development of the trunk lines (Miyadi, 1929).…”

Section: Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lateralis Components of the Acoustico-Lateralis System in the Sunfish Family Centrarchidae

Branson¹,

Moore²

1962

Copeia

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Section: Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lateralis Components of the Acoustico-Lateralis System in the Sunfish Family Centrarchidae

Branson¹,

Moore²

1962

Copeia

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“…Early studies demonstrated that coldblooded animals, cartilaginous fish and toads, form new vestibular HCs as part of their normal body growth (Corwin, 1981;Corwin, 1985;Popper and Hoxter, 1984). In addition, HCs in the lateral line neuromasts are regenerated after tail amputation (Stone, 1933;Stone, 1937;Balak et al, 1990) or after laser-ablation of individual HCs (Jones and Corwin, 1993;1996). Remarkably, avian species also form new HCs in vestibular epithelia on an ongoing basis in reaction to normal HC apoptosis (Jørgensen and Mathiesen, 1988;Roberson et al, 1992;Kil et al, 1997) and rates of regeneration are increased upon HC damage (Weisleder and Rubel, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair cell regeneration in the avian auditory epithelium

Stone¹,

Cotanche²

2007

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

214

191

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Regeneration of sensory hair cells in the mature avian inner ear was first described just over 20 years ago. Since then, it has been shown that many other non-mammalian species either continually produce new hair cells or regenerate them in response to trauma. However, mammals exhibit limited hair cell regeneration, particularly in the auditory epithelium. In birds and other non-mammals, regenerated hair cells arise from adjacent non-sensory (supporting) cells. Hair cell regeneration was initially described as a proliferative response whereby supporting cells re-enter the mitotic cycle, forming daughter cells that differentiate into either hair cells or supporting cells and thereby restore cytoarchitecture and function in the sensory epithelium. However, further analyses of the avian auditory epithelium (and amphibian vestibular epithelium) revealed a second regenerative mechanism, direct transdifferentiation, during which supporting cells change their gene expression and convert into hair cells without dividing. In the chicken auditory epithelium, these two distinct mechanisms show unique spatial and temporal patterns, suggesting they are differentially regulated. Current efforts are aimed at identifying signals that maintain supporting cells in a quiescent state or direct them to undergo direct transdifferentiation or cell division. Here, we review current knowledge about supporting cell properties and discuss candidate signaling molecules for regulating supporting cell behavior, in quiescence and after damage. While significant advances have been made in understanding regeneration in nonmammals over the last 20 years, we have yet to determine why the mammalian auditory epithelium lacks the ability to regenerate hair cells spontaneously and whether it is even capable of significant regeneration under additional circumstances. The continued study of mechanisms controlling regeneration in the avian auditory epithelium may lead to strategies for inducing significant and functional regeneration in mammals.

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“…At about 1 week posthatching, secondary neuromasts begin to develop from cells of the mantle zones surrounding primary neuromasts (Stone 1933). The secondaries express Msx-2 as soon as they are morphologically recognizable, and expression continues in the same pattern as in primary neuromasts (Fig.…”

Section: Msx-2 and Dlx-3 Expression Continues In Mature Lateral Line mentioning

confidence: 94%

Homeobox genes in axolotl lateral line placodes and neuromasts

Metscher

Northcutt

Gardiner

et al. 1997

Development Genes and Evolution

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Gene expression has been studied in considerable detail in the developing vertebrate brain, neural crest, and some placode-derived organs. As a further investigation of vertebrate head morphogenesis, expression patterns of several homeobox-containing genes were examined using whole-mount in situ hybridization in a sensory system primitive for the vertebrate subphylum: the axolotl lateral lines and the placodes from which they develop. Axolotl Msx-2 and Dlx-3 are expressed in all of the lateral line placodes. Both genes are expressed throughout development of the lateral line system and their expression continues in the fully developed neuromasts. Expression within support cells is highly polarized. In contrast to most other observations of Msx genes in vertebrate organogenesis, expression of Msx-2 in developing lateral line organs is exclusively epithelial and is not associated with epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. A Hox-complex gene, Hoxb-3, is shown to be expressed in the embryonic hindbrain and in a lateral line placode at the same rostrocaudal level, but not in other placodes nor in mature lateral line organs. A Hox gene of a separate paralog group, Hoxa-4, is expressed in a more posterior hindbrain domain in the embryo, but is not expressed in the lateral line placode at that rostrocaudal level. These data provide the first test of the hypothesis that the neurogenic placodes develop in two rostrocaudal series aligned with the rhombomeric segments and patterned by combinations of Hox genes in parallel with the central nervous system.

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The development of lateral‐line sense organs in amphibians observed in living and vital‐stained preparations

Cited by 113 publications

References 11 publications

The Lateralis Components of the Acoustico-Lateralis System in the Sunfish Family Centrarchidae

The Lateralis Components of the Acoustico-Lateralis System in the Sunfish Family Centrarchidae

Hair cell regeneration in the avian auditory epithelium

Homeobox genes in axolotl lateral line placodes and neuromasts

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