The development of spontaneous trait inferences about the actor and spontaneous trait transferences about the informant: Evidence from children aged 8–13 years

Wang, Meifang; Yan, Binggan; Yang, Feng; Zhao, Yaolong

doi:10.1002/ijop.12367

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Neither age, gender, nor the sample type (e.g., student sample or children sample) significantly moderated the effect size of STIs. This is in line with work indicating that children already form STIs (e.g., Newman, 1991; Shimizu, 2012; Wang et al, 2018) and that STIs are present in nonstudent adult samples (e.g., McCarthy et al, 2013; Olcaysoy Okten, 2015). Although few studies already began to investigate the developmental course of STIs (e.g., Wang et al, 2018; Zhang & Fang, 2016) some demographic groups are underrepresented in our sample, especially young children (younger than 8 years) and elderly people.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Spontaneous Trait Inferences From Behavior: A Systematic Meta-Analysis

Bott

Brockmann

Denneberg

et al. 2022

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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Research suggests that people spontaneously infer traits from behavioral information, thus forming impressions of actors’ personalities. Such spontaneous trait inferences (STI) have been examined in a wide range of studies in the last four decades. Here, we provide the first systematic meta-analysis of this vast literature. We included data from k = 86 publications, with overall N = 13,630 participants. The average STI effect was moderate to large ( dz = 0.59) and showed substantial heterogeneity. The type of experimental paradigm significantly moderated the STI effect size, with larger effects in long-term memory–based paradigms compared with working memory–based paradigms. Generally, STI effects were robust to various methodological variations and also to potential concerns of publication bias. Contrary to expectations, cultural background (independent vs. interdependent) did not emerge as a significant moderator of STI effects. We discuss these findings with respect to their theoretical relevance and derive implications for future research and theorizing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Spontaneous Trait Inferences From Behavior: A Systematic Meta-Analysis

Bott

Brockmann

Denneberg

et al. 2022

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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show abstract

“…Neither age, gender, nor the sample type (e.g., student sample or children sample) significantly moderated the effect size of STIs. This is in line with work indicating that children already form STIs (e.g., Newman, 1991;Shimizu, 2012;Wang et al, 2018) and that STIs are present in non-student adult samples (e.g., McCarthy et al, 2013;Olcaysoy Okten, 2015). Although few studies already began to investigate the developmental course of STIs (e.g., Wang et al, 2018;Zhang & Fang, 2016) some demographic groups are underrepresented in our sample, especially young children (younger than 8 years) and elderly people.…”

Section: Sample Demographicssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This is in line with work indicating that children already form STIs (e.g., Newman, 1991;Shimizu, 2012;Wang et al, 2018) and that STIs are present in non-student adult samples (e.g., McCarthy et al, 2013;Olcaysoy Okten, 2015). Although few studies already began to investigate the developmental course of STIs (e.g., Wang et al, 2018;Zhang & Fang, 2016) some demographic groups are underrepresented in our sample, especially young children (younger than 8 years) and elderly people. Nevertheless, the lack of age, gender, and sample type effects underlines that STI effects are not only robust across several methodological variations but also evident in different demographic groups.…”

Section: Sample Demographicssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Depending on differences in independent versus interdependent self-and person construal (e.g., Markus & Kitayama, 1991, 2010 and the related tendency to spontaneously use traits to explain observed behavior, it has been theorized that STIs should occur more frequently in samples with a predominantly individualistic (e.g., European and North American) cultural background compared to samples with a rather collectivistic (e.g., Asian) cultural background (e.g., Moskowitz, 2005;Uleman et al, 2008). The lack of significant cultural differences in the present meta-analysis is largely attributable to recent research conducted in Chinese (Lee et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2015Wang et al, , 2016Wang et al, , 2018Wang & Yang, 2017;Zhang & Fang, 2016;Zhang & Wang, 2013, 2018 and Japanese samples (Shimizu, 2012;Shimizu & Uleman, 2021). Thus, the results of this metaanalysis suggest that STIs might not be as dependent on cultural differences in person construal as previously theorized.…”

Section: Cultural Differences Between Samplesmentioning

confidence: 73%

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A comprehensive Meta-Analysis on Spontaneous Trait Inferences from Behavior - preprint

Bott¹,

Brockmann²,

Henken³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…To shed light on the primacy-of-warmth effect on spontaneous trait bindings, a false recognition difference score was calculated for each participant by subtracting the mean error rate for random pairs from the mean error rate for systematic pairs (see Wang et al, 2018 ). This false recognition difference score served as the dependent variable in the following analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Primacy-of-Warmth Effect on Spontaneous Trait Inferences and the Moderating Role of Trait Valence: Evidence From Chinese Undergraduates

Zhang

Wang

2018

Front. Psychol.

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Research has shown that warmth and competence are the fundamental content dimensions underlying social judgment, and warmth judgments are primary. However, the overwhelming majority of research concerning “primacy-of-warmth” rests on trait judgment or lexical recognition, and little attention has been paid to spontaneous trait inferences (STIs) that are made on exposure to trait-implying behaviors. Two studies were performed to examine the primacy-of-warmth effect on STIs and to further explore whether trait valence moderates the effect. Consistent with our expectations, the results of Experiments 1 and 2 (for spontaneous trait activation and spontaneous trait binding, respectively) consistently demonstrated the primacy-of-warmth on STIs. Participants were more likely to draw STIs from behaviors implying warmth traits than those implying competence traits. Moreover, the primacy-of-warmth effect on STIs was moderated by trait valence. In concrete terms, participants were more likely to draw STIs from negative warmth behavioral sentences than negative competence behavioral sentences, whereas participants draw STIs from positive warmth behavioral sentences and from positive competence behavioral sentences equally. An original contribution made by our study is that we obtained the primacy-of-warmth effect on STIs, providing further evidence for the primacy-of-warmth effect in the domain of implicit social cognition.

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The development of spontaneous trait inferences about the actor and spontaneous trait transferences about the informant: Evidence from children aged 8–13 years

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Spontaneous Trait Inferences From Behavior: A Systematic Meta-Analysis

Spontaneous Trait Inferences From Behavior: A Systematic Meta-Analysis

A comprehensive Meta-Analysis on Spontaneous Trait Inferences from Behavior - preprint

The Primacy-of-Warmth Effect on Spontaneous Trait Inferences and the Moderating Role of Trait Valence: Evidence From Chinese Undergraduates

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