The development of the Child Psychotherapy Process Scales (CPPS)

Estrada, Ana Ulloa

doi:10.1093/ptr/9.2.154

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Regarding involvement in therapy, which refers to the participation, effort, or engagement in therapy tasks, therapist‐reported child involvement was related to child alliance. Previous researchers have also found moderate associations among involvement and alliance, although they have been conceptualized as distinct aspects of the therapeutic relationship (Estrada & Russell, ; Shirk & Karver, ; Shirk & Saiz, ). In the current study, therapist‐reported child involvement during the middle session was related to child alliance in the early and late sessions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Measuring therapeutic alliance in children with autism during cognitive behavior therapy

Riosa

Khan

Weiss

2019

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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Therapeutic alliance (TA), or the collaborative relationship between a therapist and client, has been shown to be an important component of intervention success. The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Therapy Process Observational Coding System-Alliance Scale (TPOCS-A). The sample consisted of 20 children (19 males) ages 8 to 12 years with autism and their parents (15 mothers, 5 fathers), who completed a cognitive-behavioural intervention designed to improve children's emotion regulation skills. Two trained coders rated early, middle, and late parent and child alliance using the TPOCS-A after watching video recorded therapy sessions. Therapist-reported child involvement, alliance, and adherence were also assessed. Psychometric findings revealed that the TPOCS-A is a reliable and valid measure of therapeutic alliance for children with autism. The implications of examining TA in empirically supported treatments for this population are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Measuring therapeutic alliance in children with autism during cognitive behavior therapy

Riosa

Khan

Weiss

2019

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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“…Anna Freud (1946) observed that an "affectionate attachment" between child and therapist is a "prerequisite for all later work" in child therapy (p. 31). In this early statement, we find an enduring differentiation of alliance components: the distinction between bond and work, between the emo-tional relationship and the collaborative relationship (Estrada & Russell, 1999;Shirk & Saiz, 1992). Of equal importance, the link between bond and collaboration is framed functionally; the emotional bond enables the child to work purposefully on the tasks of therapy.…”

Section: Definitions and Measuresmentioning

confidence: 96%

The alliance in child and adolescent psychotherapy.

Shirk¹,

Karver²,

Brown³

2011

Psychotherapy

275

279

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The therapeutic alliance has a long history in the child and adolescent psychotherapy literature. This article examines prominent views on the alliance with youth and considers a number of issues that distinguish youth alliance from its adult counterpart. A meta-analysis of alliance-outcome associations in individual youth therapy is presented. In order to provide a direct comparison with the adult literature, the review included only prospective studies of individual youth therapy that used an explicit measure of alliance. Results from 16 studies revealed consistency with the adult literature with a weighted mean correlation of .22 (k = 16, n = 1306, p < .001) between alliance and outcome (CI = +/-.06). Although there were trends showing stronger alliance-outcome associations for child versus adolescent therapy and for behavioral versus nonbehavioral therapies, only problem type (substance abuse and mixed problems vs. eating disorders) significantly moderated alliance-outcome associations. Limitations of the research and implications for therapeutic practice are discussed.

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“…The second step was to create items for the subscales. In accord with accepted psychometric practice, we sampled multiple sources when drafting the items to establish their preliminary face and content validity (see Lambert & Hill, 1994): the CPTR (Kendall, 1994;Kendall et al, 1997), the Child Psychotherapy Process Scales (CPPS; Estrada & Russell, 1999), the Revised Vanderbilt Therapy Alliance Scales (RVTAS; Diamond, Liddle, Hogue, & Dakof, 1999), and the Therapeutic Alliance Scale for Children (TASC; Shirk & Saiz, 1992). The 33-item CPPS and the 32-item RVTAS primarily assess the task and goal alliance dimensions.…”

Section: Development Of the Tpocs-amentioning

confidence: 99%

The Therapy Process Observational Coding System-Alliance Scale: Measure Characteristics and Prediction of Outcome in Usual Clinical Practice.

McLeod¹,

Weisz²

2005

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

180

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The authors describe psychometric characteristics of the new Therapy Process Observational Coding System-Alliance scale (TPOCS-A; B. D. McLeod, 2001) and illustrate its use in the study of treatment as usual. The TPOCS-A uses session observation to assess child-therapist and parent-therapist alliance. Both child and parent forms showed acceptable interrater reliability and internal consistency; when applied to cases treated for internalizing disorders, both forms were associated with youth outcomes. Child-therapist alliance during treatment predicted reduced anxiety symptoms at the end of treatment. Parent-therapist alliance during treatment predicted reduced internalizing, anxiety, and depression symptoms at the end of treatment. The findings held up well after confounding variables were controlled, which suggests that both child-therapist and parent-therapist alliance play key (and potentially different) roles in the outcome of treatment as usual.

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The development of the Child Psychotherapy Process Scales (CPPS)

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Measuring therapeutic alliance in children with autism during cognitive behavior therapy

Measuring therapeutic alliance in children with autism during cognitive behavior therapy

The alliance in child and adolescent psychotherapy.

The Therapy Process Observational Coding System-Alliance Scale: Measure Characteristics and Prediction of Outcome in Usual Clinical Practice.

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