The development of the still-face effect: Mothers do matter

Melinder, Annika; Forbes, Danielle; Tronick, Ed; Fikke, Linn T.; Gredebäck, Gustaf

doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2010.05.003

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…One reason might be the age of the infants; Fitzgerald investigating 4‐month‐olds whereas the current study investigates 14‐month‐olds. Together, these studies suggest that infants might alter their relative processing of parents and strangers over time, a notion that is not new to the larger field of developmental psychology (for examples from the still‐face literature, see Melinder et al., 2010; Mesman, van IJzendoorn, & Bakermans‐Kranenburg, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…There appears, as such, to be an early preference for mothers over strangers (for differences between mothers and strangers in other contexts, see Gredebäck, Fikke, & Melinder, 2010; Melinder, Forbes, Tronick, Fikke, & Gredebäck, 2010; Striano & Bertin, 2005). At the same time, Montague and Walker‐Andrews (2002) demonstrate that young infants are more sensitive to mothers’ than fathers’ facial expressions.…”

Section: Background On Infants’ Face Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Individual Differences in Face Processing: Infants’ Scanning Patterns and Pupil Dilations are Influenced by the Distribution of Parental Leave

Gredebäck¹,

Eriksson²,

Schmitow³

et al. 2011

Infancy

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fourteen-month-old infants were presented with static images of happy, neutral, and fearful emotional facial expressions in an eye-tracking paradigm. The emotions were expressed by the infant's own parents as well as a male and female stranger (parents of another participating infant). Rather than measuring the duration of gaze in particular areas of interest, we measured number of fixations, distribution of fixations, and pupil diameter to evaluate global scanning patterns and reactions to emotional content. The three measures were differentially sensitive to differences in parental leave, emotional expression, and face familiarity. Infants scanned and processed differently happy, neutral, and fearful faces. In addition, infants cared for by both father and mother (divided parental leave) distributed their gaze more across faces than did Correspondence should be sent to

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Background On Infants’ Face Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Face Processing: Infants’ Scanning Patterns and Pupil Dilations are Influenced by the Distribution of Parental Leave

Gredebäck¹,

Eriksson²,

Schmitow³

et al. 2011

Infancy

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Future work should explore the antecedents of these individual differences. Third, given that infant behavior in the FFSF does not seem to be particularly stable across time (Melinder, Forbes, Tronick, Fikke, & Gredebäck, 2010;Mesman et al, 2013), the individual difference in association to the three clusters observed across FFSF may not steady throughout infant development. This reduces the generalizability of our results to older infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A categorical approach to infants’ individual differences during the Still-Face paradigm

Montirosso

Casini

Provenzi

et al. 2015

Infant Behavior and Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Second, findings are based only on four month-old infants, but memory is likely to be moderated by the infant age. For example, older infants with more mature self- and other-directed regulatory behaviors might better modulate their levels of stress [62], so that they might not show the memory for the stressful social event after two weeks. A third limitation is that we examined only one recall interval.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-Month-Old Infants’ Long-Term Memory for a Stressful Social Event

Montirosso

Tronick

Morandi³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Infants clearly show an early capacity for memory for inanimate emotionally neutral events. However, their memory for social stress events has received far less attention. The aim of the study was to investigate infants’ memory for a stressful social event (i.e., maternal unresponsiveness during the Still-Face paradigm) after a 15-day recall interval using changes in behavioral responses and salivary post-stress cortisol reactivity as measures of memory. Thirty-seven infants were exposed to social stress two times (experimental condition); the first time when they were 4 months of age and second exposure after a 2 week interval. Infants in the control condition (N = 37) were exposed to social stress just one time, at the age corresponding to the second exposure for infants in the experimental condition (4 months plus 2 weeks). Given individual differences in infants’ reactivity to social stress events, we categorized infants as increasers or decreasers based on their cortisol reactivity after their initial exposure to the stress of the maternal still-face. Infants in the experimental condition, both increasers and decreasers, showed a significant change in cortisol response after the second exposure to the maternal still-face, though change was different for each reactivity group. In contrast, age-matched infants with no prior exposure to the maternal still-face showed similar post-stress cortisol reactivity to the reactivity of the experimental infants at their first exposure. There were no behavioral differences between increasers and decreasers during the Still-Face paradigm and exposures to the social stress. Thus differences between the experimental and control groups’ post-stress cortisol reactivity was associated with the experimental group having previous experience with the social stress. These findings indicate long-term memory for social stress in infants as young as 4 months of age.

show abstract

The development of the still-face effect: Mothers do matter

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Individual Differences in Face Processing: Infants’ Scanning Patterns and Pupil Dilations are Influenced by the Distribution of Parental Leave

Individual Differences in Face Processing: Infants’ Scanning Patterns and Pupil Dilations are Influenced by the Distribution of Parental Leave

A categorical approach to infants’ individual differences during the Still-Face paradigm

Four-Month-Old Infants’ Long-Term Memory for a Stressful Social Event

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About