The Development of Two Herbicides, Alloxydim-sodium and Sethoxydim

Comparison of physiological effects of fluazifop‐butyl and sethoxydim on oat (Avena sativa L.)

“…Because the symptoms always occurred at the basal parts of the leaf irrespective to location of herbicide treatment, the action site of these two herbicides may be in meristematic tissues at the basal part of leaf to where the absorbed herbicides were transferred. The same assumption was also made in the other reports (De Prado et al 1999; Ishikawa et al 1985). The lack of efficiency when the top part of the plant was treated (Fig.…”

Chemistry of 2-Acylcycloalkane-1,3-diones

“…Despite the many publications on the synthesis of 2-acylcycloalkane-1,3-diones and patents claiming hundreds of cyclic β-triketones prepared by this method, ,− , the actual mechanism of the O−C isomerization, in particular whether it proceeds via an intermolecular or intramolecular process, is still not clearly established. It is more than likely that it is similar to the mechanism of the Klaisen−Haase rearrangement, which is used for obtaining acyclic β-di- and β-tricarbonyl compounds from the corresponding enol esters of ketones or β-diketones in the presence of basic or acidic catalysts.…”

“…Due to their close structural relationship to related natural products, both 2-acylcyclohexane-1,3-dione herbicides and their metabolites have a low toxicity, a low persistence in the environment, and no cancerogenic, mutagenic, or other undesirable properties. Therefore the patenting of cyclohexane graminicide data was so extensive in the 1980s that a large amount of information on cyclic β-triketones was included in hundreds of patents, but they claimed few rather universal methods of synthesis and herbicidal activities of numerous cyclic β-triketone derivatives …”

Inhibition of soybean urease by triketone oximes

“…Urease concentration was calculated assuming the enzyme absorption coeffi cient A 1% 1 cm at 280 nm is equal to 6.2 [33]. Triketone oximes I III, V, VI, IX, X, XIII were synthesized according to the established techniques described in [35]; IV, XI according to [36]; VII according to [37], VIII, XIV according to [38], XII according to [39], and XV according to [40]. DMF was puri fied by distillation before use.…”