The development trend of influenza in China from 2010 to 2019

Zhou, Nan; Dai, Haoyun; Zha, Wenting; Lv, Yuan

doi:10.1080/21645515.2022.2071558

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Our findings revealed a significant downward trend in the HAI rate between 2010 and 2019, with the exception of a peak in 2013. The peak in 2013 may be related to the outbreak of avian influenza in China in the same year [17] . The overall decline in HAI rates was consistent with the previous study by Zhang et al [12] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal patterns and clinical characteristics of healthcare-associated infections in surgery patients: A retrospective study in a major Chinese tertiary hospital

Zhang,

Yan,

Wang

et al. 2024

Infectious Medicine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal patterns and clinical characteristics of healthcare-associated infections in surgery patients: A retrospective study in a major Chinese tertiary hospital

Zhang,

Yan,

Wang

et al. 2024

Infectious Medicine

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“…Vaccination, currently is the most economical and effective means of preventing influenza and its complications ( 19 ). Increasing influenza vaccination coverage in schools ( 20 ), especially in primary schools and kindergartens ( 21 ) is an important measure to effectively reduce the occurrence of influenza outbreaks in schools ( 22 – 24 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of factors influencing influenza outbreaks in schools in Taicang City, China

Shi,

Xu,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze the awareness of influenza prevention and control and the behavioral attitudes toward the work among parents and staff in schools in Taicang City and the impact of the vaccination rate among students on influenza outbreaks in schools. The findings can provide references for the development of effective control strategies for the spread of influenza.MethodsAn anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted on 10,962 students from 20 schools in Taicang City, with class as the unit of analysis. The survey investigated their awareness of influenza prevention and control, their attitudes, and the vaccination coverage.ResultsFrom January to June 2023, a total of 388 influenza outbreaks were reported in schools in Taicang City, involving 77 schools. There were 3,475 confirmed cases, with an average infection rate of 18.53%. In schools where influenza outbreaks had occurred, the incidence rate of those who received influenza vaccine was significantly lower than those who did not, and the vaccine protection rate was 28.22%. The knowledge awareness rates of “the main transmission routes of influenza” and “influenza vaccination can prevent influenza” among parents of students were 95.49 and 93.16%, respectively. The differences between schools involved in the epidemic and non-epidemic were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The correct attitudes of parents toward “actively reporting relevant symptoms to teachers when their children show symptoms” and “avoiding classes with diseases when their children are suspected to be sick” are 98.80 and 96.26%, respectively. The differences between schools with and without epidemic are statistically significant (p < 0.05). The correct attitudes of the class teacher toward “correct management and control of students with flu like symptoms in the class” and “taking correct prevention and control measures in the event of a flu epidemic in the class” were 89.36 and 92.55%, respectively. The differences between epidemic related and non-epidemic related classes were statistically significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionEnhance the knowledge level of influenza prevention and control among parents of students, Strengthening the training for class teachers in emergency response to infectious diseases and increasing vaccination coverage among students can effectively reduce the incidence of influenza and thereby the occurrence of cluster outbreaks in schools.

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“…Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus, which is an RNA virus that is divided into three types: A, B and C (1,2). The types of A, B and C not only reflect the order in which the virus was discovered but also, more importantly, reflect the order of harm to human beings (3,4). Influenza A virus is the main epidemic strain and can lead to a global influenza pandemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of influenza incidence and analysis of epidemic characteristics from 2009 to 2022 in Zhejiang Province, China

Xue

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundInfluenza infection causes a huge burden every year, affecting approximately 8% of adults and approximately 25% of children and resulting in approximately 400,000 respiratory deaths worldwide. However, based on the number of reported influenza cases, the actual prevalence of influenza may be greatly underestimated. The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence rate of influenza and determine the true epidemiological characteristics of this virus.MethodsThe number of influenza cases and the prevalence of ILIs among outpatients in Zhejiang Province were obtained from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System. Specimens were sampled from some cases and sent to laboratories for influenza nucleic acid testing. Random forest was used to establish an influenza estimation model based on the influenza-positive rate and the percentage of ILIs among outpatients. Furthermore, the moving epidemic method (MEM) was applied to calculate the epidemic threshold for different intensity levels. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to identify the annual change in influenza incidence. The seasonal trends of influenza were detected by wavelet analysis.ResultsFrom 2009 to 2021, a total of 990,016 influenza cases and 8 deaths were reported in Zhejiang Province. The numbers of estimated influenza cases from 2009 to 2018 were 743,449, 47,635, 89,026, 132,647, 69,218, 190,099, 204,606, 190,763, 267,168 and 364,809, respectively. The total number of estimated influenza cases is 12.11 times the number of reported cases. The APC of the estimated annual incidence rate was 23.33 (95% CI: 13.2 to 34.4) from 2011 to 2019, indicating a constant increasing trend. The intensity levels of the estimated incidence from the epidemic threshold to the very high-intensity threshold were 18.94 cases per 100,000, 24.14 cases per 100,000, 141.55 cases per 100,000, and 309.34 cases per 100,000, respectively. From the first week of 2009 to the 39th week of 2022, there were a total of 81 weeks of epidemics: the epidemic period reached a high intensity in 2 weeks, the epidemic period was at a moderate intensity in 75 weeks, and the epidemic period was at a low intensity in 2 weeks. The average power was significant on the 1-year scale, semiannual scale, and 115-week scale, and the average power of the first two cycles was significantly higher than that of the other cycles. In the period from the 20th week to the 35th week, the Pearson correlation coefficients between the time series of influenza onset and the positive rate of pathogens, including A(H3N2), A (H1N1)pdm2009, B(Victoria) and B(Yamagata), were − 0.089 (p = 0.021), 0.497 (p < 0.001), −0.062 (p = 0.109) and − 0.084 (p = 0.029), respectively. In the period from the 36th week of the first year to the 19th week of the next year, the Pearson correlation coefficients between the time series of influenza onset and the positive rate of pathogens, including A(H3N2), A (H1N1)pdm2009, B(Victoria) and B(Yamagata), were 0.516 (p < 0.001), 0.148 (p < 0.001), 0.292 (p < 0.001) and 0.271 (p < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionThe disease burden of influenza has been seriously underestimated in the past. An appropriate method for estimating the incidence rate of influenza may be to comprehensively consider the influenza-positive rate as well as the percentage of ILIs among outpatients. The intensity level of the estimated incidence from the epidemic threshold to the very high-intensity threshold was calculated, thus yielding a quantitative standard for judging the influenza prevalence level in the future. The incidence of influenza showed semi-annual peaks in Zhejiang Province, including a main peak from December to January of the next year followed by a peak in summer. Furthermore, the driving factors of the influenza peaks were preliminarily explored. While the peak in summer was mainly driven by pathogens of A(H3N2), the peak in winter was alternately driven by various pathogens. Our research suggests that the government urgently needs to address barriers to vaccination and actively promote vaccines through primary care providers.

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The development trend of influenza in China from 2010 to 2019

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Temporal patterns and clinical characteristics of healthcare-associated infections in surgery patients: A retrospective study in a major Chinese tertiary hospital

Temporal patterns and clinical characteristics of healthcare-associated infections in surgery patients: A retrospective study in a major Chinese tertiary hospital

Analysis of factors influencing influenza outbreaks in schools in Taicang City, China

Estimation of influenza incidence and analysis of epidemic characteristics from 2009 to 2022 in Zhejiang Province, China

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