The developmental state and economic policy in Turkey

Bayar, Ali

doi:10.1080/01436599615371

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Although reforms implemented since the 1930s have aspired to establish a democratic regime, the procedural democracy established in the 1950s failed to transform into a “deeper” democracy. Turkey's “strong state” tradition continued to restrict opportunities for organized action (Toprak, ), and the 1982 Constitution—prepared by a military regime—attempted to thwart the deepening of democracy and prevent the mobilization of civil society (see, among others, Bayar, ; Kubicek, ).…”

Section: Research Context and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Power and Civic Engagement in the Decentralized Management of Natural Resources: The Case of Turkey

Kadirbeyoğlu

2017

Public Admin & Development

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Decentralization is an extensively discussed topic within academic and institutional circles worldwide. While a common argument for decentralization is that it fosters democratic deepening, counterarguments cautiously point to unequal access to resources and distribution of power as factors that inhibit democratization. This study contributes to the literature on the relationship between decentralization and democratization through a comparative study of Water User Associations in two provinces of Turkey and shows in line with the literature that resource and power inequalities hamper the link between decentralization and democratization. However, as this article shows, civic engagement can generate "countervailing power" that can overcome the negative impact of such inequalities.

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Section: Research Context and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Power and Civic Engagement in the Decentralized Management of Natural Resources: The Case of Turkey

Kadirbeyoğlu

2017

Public Admin & Development

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“…2 Japan moved towards a DS (modelled on Prussia) in the late 19 th century but its capacities were only fully deployed post-1945 (Reinert 1995;Johnson 1982). We can also add Kemalist Turkey after 1933 (when the first 5-year plan was introduced) to the list of developmental states that existed before the term was coined (Bayar 1996). Summarizing their economic doctrines and strategies (under the rubric of developmentalism), Erik Reinert suggests that their primary goal is 'to diversify the economy out of a dependency on agricultural and other raw materials alone' (if need be, by exploiting the agricultural sector) and to increase national wealth 'by building a diversified industrial structure where economic activities with large potentials for technological upgrading, subject to increasing returns (falling unit costs), and important synergies (linkages) between a large variety of economic activities play an important role' (Reinert 2010: 3).…”

Section: Figure 1 the Knowledge-and Production-based Canon Of Econommentioning

confidence: 99%

The Developmental State in an Era of Finance-Dominated Accumulation

Jessop¹

2016

The Asian Developmental State

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There have been three main accounts of East Asian export-oriented economic growth in the 1980s: getting prices right, the developmental state, and Confucian capitalism. None is satisfactory and, together, they reproduce the market-state-civil society triplet, which originates in European Enlightenment thinking, and one-sidedly highlight the roots of the miracle in one or other of these ensembles. This suggests the need for an alternative approach to interpreting and explaining economic development and social formations that can provide a more powerful and comprehensive account not only of the East Asian economic miracles but also of their crisis-tendencies and partial recovery from that crisis. This approach should also be able to explain the variety of developmental states in this region and the similarities to, and differences from, cases in other regions. This is one aim of this chapter. The so-called Asian crisis in the late-1990s prompted a search for alternative economic and political strategies and other ways to recalibrate the developmental state strategy. While this search was home-grown, it was influenced by two strategies that were pursued in advanced economies to exit the crisis of Atlantic Fordism in the 1980s and 1990s. The two main exit routes were the knowledgebased economy (KBE) and neoliberal financialization. Japan had anticipated the KBE project in promoting the information economy and/or society and it was also embraced relatively early in other East Asian newly industrializing economies (hereafter EANICS). In contrast, financialization seems to have reached East Asia as much through stealth and external pressure as through imitation and overt domestic strategic goal-setting. Yet some East Asian economies, notably Singapore, have also pursued financialization alongside the more dominant knowledge-based growth strategies. So it makes sense to revisit the history and dynamic of the developmental state and its crisis-tendencies, and examine how it has been adapted following 2 economic crises. The chapter ends with some remarks on the research agenda that follows from this approach. Considering these themes are the other goals of this chapter. The Other Canon I define the developmental state in three steps. First, the modern state is a local, regional, national, or supranational state that exercises authority over a stable population resident in its territory. Second, in turn, a developmental state (DS) is one that plans, orchestrates or steers economic, political and societal strategies oriented to catch-up with a more advanced reference economy or economic growth dynamic. This definition does not limit the DS to EANICs nor to national territorial states more generally but allows for developmental state strategies over a much longer time span, on different scales, with due regard to the forms of polity, politics, and policies appropriate to the shifting horizon of what it means to catch-up. And, third, for the sake of clarity, I define an apparently rival concept: the competition state. This ter...

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“…The devaluation of the lira in 1970 had two effects. The first was to pacify foreign investors and satisfy global market demands by making Turkish exports cheaper and attracting foreign investment in export‐oriented industries (see Bayar 1996:777–778). Obviously, those in a position to profit from increased foreign investment and export sales, specifically the urban industrial class and state bureaucrats, did so (see Yalpat 1984).…”

Section: The Turkish State: Economic Protectionism Secularism and Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By 1960, the combination of an exploding trade deficit and an overextension of public debt substantially weakened the DP and exacerbated social and political conflicts (Bayar 1996). On May 27, 1960, the military assumed control over state activities for the purpose of regaining social stability and enacting fiscal reforms that would counter both rising inflation, ballooning trade deficits, and public debt.…”

Section: The Turkish State: Economic Protectionism Secularism and Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Political Islam and State Legitimacy in Turkey: The Role of National Culture in Neoliberal State-Building

Blad

Koçer

2012

International Political Sociology

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Blad, Cory and Banu Koçer. (2012) Political Islam and State Legitimacy in Turkey: The Role of National Culture in Neoliberal State‐Building. International Political Sociology, doi: 10.1111/j.1749‐5687.2012.00150.x  © 2012 International Studies Association The rise of Islamist parties to positions of political dominance in Turkey has been the subject of inquiry for scholars and concern for some American and European observers. This paper argues that this rise of Islamist political efficacy is the result of efforts to maintain state legitimacy in an era of neoliberalism. The integration of neoliberalism as a dominant political economic ideology reduces state economic regulatory capacities and social service endowment. The effect of this retrenchment is a commensurate reduction in state legitimation, as national populations view the state as unable—or unwilling—to meet requisite economic protectionist demands that were formerly exchanged for legitimate support. In an attempt to retain legitimate authority, neoliberal states are forced to move beyond economic protectionist strategies and embrace increasingly cultural legitimation approaches. We juxtapose the use of economic protectionist strategies in the 1945–1980 period with the integration of Islam as a cultural legitimation strategy following the 1980 coup in Turkey.

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The developmental state and economic policy in Turkey

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

The Impact of Power and Civic Engagement in the Decentralized Management of Natural Resources: The Case of Turkey

The Impact of Power and Civic Engagement in the Decentralized Management of Natural Resources: The Case of Turkey

The Developmental State in an Era of Finance-Dominated Accumulation

Political Islam and State Legitimacy in Turkey: The Role of National Culture in Neoliberal State-Building

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