The diabetic foot

Mathew-Steiner, Shomita S.; Khona, Dolly; Sen, Chandan K.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816413-6.00001-0

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…4 Approximately 20% of moderate or severe diabetic foot infections lead to some level of amputation. 3 Currently, visual inspections in conjunction with measurement of wound size reduction are the gold standard for assessing the healing status of DFUs. 5 Imaging plays a significant role to provide objective assessments of the DFU status and complements the subjective gold-standard visual inspection.…”

Section: Diabetic Foot Ulcersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diabetic Foot Ulcer Imaging: An Overview and Future Directions

Godavarty,

Leiva,

Amadi

et al. 2023

J Diabetes Sci Technol

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Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) affect one in every three people with diabetes. Imaging plays a vital role in objectively complementing the gold-standard visual yet subjective clinical assessments of DFUs during the wound treatment process. Herein, an overview of the various imaging techniques used to image DFUs is summarized. Conventional imaging modalities (e.g., computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, single-photon emitted computed tomography, and ultrasound) are used to diagnose infections, impact on the bones, foot deformities, and blood flow in patients with DFUs. Transcutaneous oximetry is a gold standard to assess perfusion in DFU cases with vascular issues. For a wound to heal, an adequate oxygen supply is needed to facilitate reparative processes. Several optical imaging modalities can assess tissue oxygenation changes in and around the wounds apart from perfusion measurements. These include hyperspectral imaging, multispectral imaging, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, laser Doppler flowmetry or imaging, and spatial frequency domain imaging. While perfusion measurements are dynamically monitored at point locations, tissue oxygenation measurements are static two-dimensional spatial maps. Recently, we developed a spatio-temporal NIR-based tissue oxygenation imaging approach to map for the extent of asynchrony in the oxygenation flow patterns in and around DFUs. Researchers also measure other parameters such as thermal maps, bacterial infections (from fluorescence maps), pH, collagen, and trans-epidermal water loss to assess DFUs. A future direction for DFU imaging would ideally be a low-cost, portable, multi-modal imaging platform that can provide a visual and physiological assessment of wounds for comprehensive wound care intervention and management.

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Section: Diabetic Foot Ulcersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 The common complications of diabetes (neuropathy and ischemia) can predispose people to DFU infections. 3 The lifetime incidence rate of DFUs in people with diabetes (PWD) is 19 to 34%. 4 The recurrence rates of DFUs are 40% within a year and 65% within five years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic Foot Ulcer Imaging: An Overview and Future Directions

Godavarty,

Leiva,

Amadi

et al. 2023

J Diabetes Sci Technol

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“…People undergoes amputation for several reasons as trauma from work accidents or road damage or war victims [1]. Moreover, a great percentage suffers from amputation due to complications resulting from dysvascular diseases associated with diabetes [2]. Among all physiological and psychological approaches to help amputees to rehabilitate, limb prostheses are essential to allow amputees resuming their daily activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Adaptive Control for the Path Tracking of an Active Leg Prosthesis

Boucetta

Abdallah

Ali

2021

IJRCS

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This paper presents an adaptive fuzzy-PID control strategy applied to an active lower limb prosthesis for trajectories tracking in normal walking, stairs climbing, and stairs descent. Trying to imitate a natural human limb, the prosthesis design challenges rehabilitating amputees to resume normal activities. A dynamic model of an ankle-knee active prosthesis is developed without ground reaction in a first case and introduces ground effect in a second one to ameliorate prothesis performances. The obtained models are used to synthesize a control strategy based on TS fuzzy concepts and PID control to reproduce human lower limb behavior in a normal gait and climb and descent of stairs. The RSME errors are calculated to evaluate and compare the various results performances and eventually show the capacity of the proposed control with ground reaction impact on trajectory tracking. The RMSE values obtained for the four outputs of the fuzzy controller are very small for the different modes of locomotion. Moreover, they become weaker when the ground reaction forces are added to the model to show the role of these forces for the body equilibrium maintaining during the gait cycle. The developed approach ensured good trajectories tracking compared to a healthy leg even in presence of disturbances.

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Development of Telemedicine Application Based on Artificial Intelligence in the Handling of Diabet Foot

Hidayat

Sebayang

Shofia

et al. 2022

JLM

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by increased blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) due to impaired insulin secretion and insulin action. Diabetic foot ulcers are chronic and difficult to heal is the most common cause of non-traumatic amputations in patients with diabetes mellitus which reaches 82%. Telemedicine technology based on artificial intelligence can be used as a facility for diabetic foot patients by providing education, consultation and direction in treating diabetic feet. Research Methods: The method used in this research is literature study. Literature study conducted by the author is to look for various written sources, either in the form of books, archives, magazines, articles and journals, as well as documents relevant to the problem being studied. Result: Telemedicine application based on artificial intelligence is a solution for DM patients, especially diabetic foot complications. Discussion: The telemedicine application provides 24-hour service by providing education about diabetic foot care to avoid infection, consultation on the administration of drugs such as insulin and other diabetes drugs. Artificial intelligence in telemedicine allows this application to work 24 hours a day. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is still a complex problem worldwide. Complications that occur, especially diabetic feet reduce the quality of life of DM patients. Telemedicine application based on artificial intelligence is a solution that can be used to perform routine care for diabetic foot patients. Keywords: Telemedicine, Artificial intelligence, Diabetic foot, Diabetes Mellitus DAFTAR PUSTAKA Braza DW, Martin JNY. Diabetic Foot and Peripheral Arterial Disease [Internet]. Fourth Edi. Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Elsevier Inc.; 2020. 719-723 p. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-54947-9.00129-2 denDekker AD, Gallagher KA. Dysregulated inflammation in diabetic wounds [Internet]. Wound Healing, Tissue Repair, and Regeneration in Diabetes. Elsevier Inc.; 2020. 81-95 p. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816413-6.00005-8 Grennan D. Diabetic Foot Ulcers. JAMA - J Am Med Assoc. 2019;321(1):114. Boulton AJM, Young MJ. The Diabetic Foot [Internet]. Diabetes in Old Age: Third Edition. Elsevier Inc.; 2009. 113-135 p. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816413-6.00001-0 Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, Huang Y, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Ohlrogge AW, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract [Internet]. 2018;138:271–81. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.023 Khandelwal P, Khanna S. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: An insight into the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutics [Internet]. Wound Healing, Tissue Repair, and Regeneration in Diabetes. Elsevier Inc.; 2020. 49-77 p. 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Diabetes care during COVID 19: Experience in telemedicine from a developing country. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev [Internet]. 2020;14(5):1519. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.046 Li C. Biodiversity assessment based on artificial intelligence and neural network algorithms. Microprocess Microsyst [Internet]. 2020;79(September):103321. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2020.103321 Kane-Gill SL, Rincon F. Expansion of Telemedicine Services: Telepharmacy, Telestroke, Teledialysis, Tele–Emergency Medicine. Crit Care Clin [Internet]. 2019;35(3):519–33. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccc.2019.02.007 Gogia S. Telesupport for the primary care practitioner. Fundam Telemed Telehealth. 2019;161–83. Mo C, Sun W. Point-by-point feature extraction of artificial intelligence images based on the Internet of Things. Comput Commun [Internet]. 2020;159(March):1–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2020.05.015 Dorsey ER, Topol EJ. Telemedicine 2020 and the next decade. Lancet [Internet]. 2020;395(10227):859. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30424-4 Corbett JA, Opladen JM, Bisognano JD. Telemedicine can revolutionize the treatment of chronic disease. Int J Cardiol Hypertens [Internet]. 2020;7(August):100051. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchy.2020.100051 Berg WT, Goldstein M, Melnick AP, Rosenwaks Z. Clinical implications of telemedicine for providers and patients. Fertil Steril [Internet]. 2020;114(6):1129–34. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.10.048 Al-Thani D, Monteiro S, Tamil LS. Design for eHealth and telehealth [Internet]. Design for Health. INC; 2020. 67-86 p. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816427-3.00004-X Al-Samarraie H, Ghazal S, Alzahrani AI, Moody L. Telemedicine in Middle Eastern countries: Progress, barriers, and policy recommendations. Int J Med Inform [Internet]. 2020;141(July):104232. 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show abstract

The diabetic foot

Cited by 3 publications

References 100 publications

Diabetic Foot Ulcer Imaging: An Overview and Future Directions

Diabetic Foot Ulcer Imaging: An Overview and Future Directions

An Adaptive Control for the Path Tracking of an Active Leg Prosthesis

Development of Telemedicine Application Based on Artificial Intelligence in the Handling of Diabet Foot

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