The Diagnostic Tests for Detection of<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Infection

Mohammadian, Taher; Ganji, Leila

doi:10.1089/mab.2018.0032

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The World Health Organization (WHO) has categorized H. pylori as a group 1 carcinogen [15]. H. pylori can now be identified by a rapid urease test, histological examination of biopsy specimens, serological test, and polymerase chain reaction technique [16]. The association of bacterial infection with various cancers is listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanism of Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Cancer

Alipour

2020

J Gastrointest Canc

164

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Introduction Various types of cancers threaten human life. The role of bacteria in causing cancer is controversial, but it has been determined that the Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the identified risk factors for gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori infection is highly prevalent, and about half of the world , s population is infected with it. Objective The aim of this study was the role of Helicobacter pylori in the development of gastric cancer. Method We obtained information from previously published articles. Results and Conclusion The bacterium has various virulence factors, including cytotoxin-associated gene A, vacuolating cytotoxin A, and the different outer membrane proteins that cause cancer by different mechanisms. These virulence factors activate cell signaling pathways such as PI3-kinase/Akt, JAK/STAT and Ras, Raf, and ERK signaling that control cell proliferation. Uncontrolled proliferation can lead to cancer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanism of Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Cancer

Alipour

2020

J Gastrointest Canc

164

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“…However, in most studies, the techniques of detecting H. pylori were RUT, respiratory urea test, fecal antigen test, histology, serology, or a combination of mentioned techniques with about 95% diagnostic sensitivity (2). It should also be noted that some patients had false negative tests for H. pylori due to the low bacterial load in the tissue, recent usage of antibiotics or proton pump inhibitors medications (24,25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Idiopathic Peptic Ulcer in Southeastern Iran

Bakhshipour

Rafaiee

2021

Zahedan J Res Med Sci

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Background: The idiopathic peptic ulcers (IPU) or non-Helicobacter pylori, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug non-NSAIDs associated peptic ulcers are a serious therapeutic challenge. The prevalence of IPU is increasing in some parts of the world. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of IPU in southeastern Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 367 patients with active peptic ulcer were diagnosed by endoscopy between Jan 2018 and Feb 2019. The patients were assessed for history of medication use (including NSAIDs) in the past month, smoking, alcohol, as well as a complete history of health problems related to underlying disease such as cardiopulmonary, hepatic, renal problems, and chronic pancreatitis. Biopsy samples from antrum were performed for rapid urease test (RUT), and if RUT was negative, then biopsies were sent for histopathology. If both RUT and pathologic findings were negative for H. pylori, in patients who had treatment for H. pylori eradication, anti-H. pylori IgG antibody of blood samples was assessed. Patients were considered infected with H. pylori if any of the diagnostic tests had a positive result. Results: According to the results, 336 (91.3%) cases had at least one of the two main etiologic factors (H. pylori and NSAIDs) for peptic ulcer. While 323 (87.7%) patients were H. pylori-positive, 45 (12.3%) patients were H. pylori-negative. However, out of 45 H. pylori-negative cases, 13 patients had a positive history of using NSAIDs, and 32 (8.69%) patients were IPU. Conclusions: Our study showed that both H. pylori infection and NSAIDs use remain the main cause of peptic ulcers, and the prevalence of IPU is relatively high in Zahedan.

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“…On the other hand, non-invasive tests include the urea breathing test (UBT), serology and the H. pylori stool antigen test. For the UBT, patients ingest labeled 13 C-urea as a substrate for the bacterial urease [ 185 , 186 ]. The 13 C-labeled carbon dioxide produced by the reaction is detected in the patient’s breath by mass spectrometry or using an isotope-selective infrared spectroscope [ 185 ].…”

Section: Helicobacter Pylori -Outer Membrane Vesicles and Extracellular Vesicles From Helicobacter Pylori Infmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter pylori Outer Membrane Vesicles and Extracellular Vesicles from Helicobacter pylori-Infected Cells in Gastric Disease Development

González

Díaz

Sandoval-Bórquez

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived vesicles important in intercellular communication that play an essential role in host-pathogen interactions, spreading pathogen-derived as well as host-derived molecules during infection. Pathogens can induce changes in the composition of EVs derived from the infected cells and use them to manipulate their microenvironment and, for instance, modulate innate and adaptive inflammatory immune responses, both in a stimulatory or suppressive manner. Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide and infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is considered the main risk factor for developing this disease, which is characterized by a strong inflammatory component. EVs released by host cells infected with H. pylori contribute significantly to inflammation, and in doing so promote the development of disease. Additionally, H. pylori liberates vesicles, called outer membrane vesicles (H. pylori-OMVs), which contribute to atrophia and cell transformation in the gastric epithelium. In this review, the participation of both EVs from cells infected with H. pylori and H. pylori-OMVs associated with the development of gastric cancer will be discussed. By deciphering which functions of these external vesicles during H. pylori infection benefit the host or the pathogen, novel treatment strategies may become available to prevent disease.

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The Diagnostic Tests for Detection ofHelicobacter pyloriInfection

Cited by 26 publications

References 80 publications

Molecular Mechanism of Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Cancer

Molecular Mechanism of Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Cancer

Prevalence of Idiopathic Peptic Ulcer in Southeastern Iran

Helicobacter pylori Outer Membrane Vesicles and Extracellular Vesicles from Helicobacter pylori-Infected Cells in Gastric Disease Development

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