The Dichotomization of Objective and Subjective Outcome Measures of Academic Performance in an Online Learning Environment

Abstract

Purpose – Various recent studies are perplexed with the situation if subjective measures such as perceptions of learning reflect knowledge gains and whether they can be used as a surrogate for evidence of actual learning in an online learning environment. Due to a rising trend in current research studies interpreting perceptions of learning compared to actual learning as a measure of success, this study investigates the dichotomous measures of objective and subjective measures of academic performance in an online learning environment with selected predicted variables. This is followed by an investigation on the effect of online learning on students’ academic performance prior to and during the Covid environment. Methodology – This cross-sectional study employed a correlation design for the purpose of data collection among 382 universitystudents. The dependent variable of study comprised objective measures of CGPA scores while the subjective measures was basedon a composite score from perceived items in a questionnaire. The predictive independent variables included, i) satisfaction towardsonline learning, ii) online learning self-efficacy, iii) social interactive engagement in online learning, and iv) online learning environment. Findings – The findings showed an extremely weak and nonsignificant relationship between actual academic performance(GPA) and perceived academic performance in an online learning environment. A statistically significant increase was notable instudents’ academic performance through GPA scores before and during Covid-19 academic semester and this increase was prevalentamong low and intermediate achievers. Apart from environment, all other predictors were significant predictors of perceived academic performance. Engagement was a predictor for the subjective measure of CGPA scores. Significance – Subjective measures data should not be considered as knowledge gain, and it should be used cautiously as a surrogatefor evidence of actual learning. Educational research studies should be designed using more objective measures of learning ratherthan subjective measures in isolation as dependent variable. This should be seen as a caveat by policymakers in decision-making topractise consciousness in terms of judgemental modes employed in measurement and to exercise caution in collecting, analysing, andinterpreting subjective data.

Integrating Virtual Simulation in Vocational Training: A Comparative Study on Learning Chinese Traditional Culture

“…The reliance on specific virtual simulation technology, which is subject to rapid advancements, might also limit the relevance of the findings over time [26]. Furthermore, the subjective measures used for assessing student satisfaction and participation could be complemented with more objective metrics in future research [27]. These limitations should be carefully considered in interpreting the study's results and in the context of broader educational research.…”