The Diet of the Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) in the Central Forest Nature Reserve (West-European Russia), Based on Scat Analysis Data

Ogurtsov, Sergey S.

doi:10.1134/s1062359018090145

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Sample clustering patterns and geographic distributions based on combined GT‐seq and ddRADseq data were also largely consistent with genetic groups called the “Hudson Complex,” “Arctic Archipelago,” and “Polar Basin,” which have been previously described using microsatellite and SNP data (Jensen et al, 2020 ; Malenfant et al, 2015 , 2016 ; Paetkau et al, 1999 ). However, a new genetic cluster coincident with the M’Clintock Channel subpopulation emerged in both our structure and dapc analyses (Figures 1 and 3 ), a pattern not evident from analysis of ddRADseq data alone (Jensen et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Further, our data set contains samples collected between 1998 and 2018 (a 20‐year span), which presents a potential temporal confound that is not uncommon in studies investigating polar bear population structure (e.g. Malenfant et al, 2016 ; Paetkau et al, 1995 , 1999 ). Regardless, we show here that our GT‐seq panel provides sufficient power to adequately capture known patterns that will be relevant to northern and federal governments for polar bear management.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotyping‐in‐thousands by sequencing (GT‐seq) of noninvasive faecal and degraded samples: A new panel to enable ongoing monitoring of Canadian polar bear populations

Clemente-Carvalho¹,

Jensen

Groot

et al. 2022

Molecular Ecology Resources

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Genetic monitoring using noninvasive samples provides a complement or alternative to traditional population monitoring methods. However, next-generation sequencing approaches to monitoring typically require high quality DNA and the use of noninvasive samples (e.g., scat) is often challenged by poor DNA quality and contamination by nontarget species. One promising solution is a highly multiplexed sequencing approach called genotyping-in-thousands by sequencing (GT-seq), which can enable cost-efficient genomics-based monitoring for populations based on noninvasively collected samples. Here, we develop and validate a GT-seq panel of 324 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) optimized for genotyping of polar bears based on DNA from noninvasively collected faecal samples. We demonstrate (1) successful GT-seq genotyping of DNA from a range of sample sources, including successful genotyping (>50% loci) of 62.9% of noninvasively collected faecal samples determined to contain polar bear DNA; and (2) that we can reliably differentiate individuals, ascertain sex, assess relatedness, and resolve population structure of Canadian polar bear subpopulations based on a GT-seq panel of 324 SNPs. Our GT-seq data reveal spatial-genetic patterns similar to previous polar bear studies but at lesser cost per sample and through use of noninvasively collected samples, indicating the potential of this approach for population monitoring. This GT-seq panel provides the foundation for a noninvasive toolkit for polar bear monitoring and can contribute to community-based programmes -a framework which may serve as a model for wildlife conservation and management for species worldwide.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping‐in‐thousands by sequencing (GT‐seq) of noninvasive faecal and degraded samples: A new panel to enable ongoing monitoring of Canadian polar bear populations

Clemente-Carvalho¹,

Jensen

Groot

et al. 2022

Molecular Ecology Resources

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“…Brown bears differed more between localities than other bear species, suggesting flexible diets across environments. Although we had a small sample size of brown bears from India, which may not be a strong representation of the broader regional population, high herbivory has been reported from brown bear populations in Iran and Russia (Ogurtsov 2018, Soofi et al 2018). Brown bears are the most widespread bear species, and diet flexibility is a characteristic trait of species adapted to diverse environments (Edwards et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bear diets and human–bear conflicts: insights from isotopic ecology

et al. 2022

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Bears, Ursidae, are considered omnivores, except for giant pandas Ailuropoda melanoleuca and polar bears Ursus maritimus. However, omnivory includes a wide range of dietary variation and trophic positions, making bear dietary ecology unclear. We inferred bear trophic positions from δ 15 N (‰) values and examined their correlation with diets reported in the literature, including frequency of human-bear conflicts (livestock predation and crop damage incidents). Overall, 15 N signatures were consistent with diet estimates. Bear species with higher 15 N signatures differed more from each other, including cases of large regional intraspecific variance, than bear species with lower 15 N signatures. Bear trophic position and frequency of reports of human-bear conflicts were uncorrelated, suggesting that livestock predation by bears is an opportunistic behaviour rather than a response to food availability dynamics.

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“…The species is known for its opportunistic behaviour regarding diet [43]. However, the intraspecific competition for food can be high [44], even if their diet is omnivorous [43,45]. Some of the populations, depending on the living area, have a great preference for plants and a low interest in a carnivorous diet [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the intraspecific competition for food can be high [44], even if their diet is omnivorous [43,45]. Some of the populations, depending on the living area, have a great preference for plants and a low interest in a carnivorous diet [45]. Interesting facts have been concluded following this behaviour, such as the bears becoming more aggressive towards humans due to higher intraspecific predation [44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Genetics Knowledge from the Brown Bear Populations to Assist Biodiversity Conservation

2022

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Genetic monitoring has proven helpful in estimating species presence and abundance, and detecting trends in genetic diversity, to be incorporated in providing data and recommendations to management authorities for action and policy development. We reviewed 148 genetics research papers conducted on the bear species worldwide retrieved from Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. This review aims to reveal sampling methodology and data collection instructions, and to unveil innovative noninvasively genetic monitoring techniques that may be integrated into the genetic monitoring of a large bear population. In North American studies, hair samples were collected more often than faeces, whereas in Europe, both faeces and hair samples surveys are recommended, usually focusing on faeces. The use of the Isohelix sample collection method, previously tested locally and, if suitable, applied at the national level, could generate numerous advantages by reducing shortcomings. Additionally, dogs trained for faeces sampling could be used in parallel with hunting managers, foresters, and volunteers for sample collection organised during autumn and winter. It was stated that this is the best period in terms of cost-efficiency and high quality of the gathered samples. We conclude that large-scale noninvasive genetic monitoring of a large bear population represents a challenge; nevertheless, it provides valuable insights for biodiversity monitoring and actions to respond to climate change.

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The Diet of the Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) in the Central Forest Nature Reserve (West-European Russia), Based on Scat Analysis Data

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Genotyping‐in‐thousands by sequencing (GT‐seq) of noninvasive faecal and degraded samples: A new panel to enable ongoing monitoring of Canadian polar bear populations

Genotyping‐in‐thousands by sequencing (GT‐seq) of noninvasive faecal and degraded samples: A new panel to enable ongoing monitoring of Canadian polar bear populations

Bear diets and human–bear conflicts: insights from isotopic ecology

Noninvasive Genetics Knowledge from the Brown Bear Populations to Assist Biodiversity Conservation

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