The Difference in Interleukin-19 Serum on Degrees of Acne Vulgaris Severity

Abstract

Introduction Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial disease. Recent study showed that inflammation does have a central role in the formation of both inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions in acne vulgaris. There are various findings of proinflammatory cytokines related to acne vulgaris, but no previous study correlate interleukin- (IL-) 19 to acne vulgaris. This pilot study aims to look at difference in IL-19 serum concentration on degrees of severity of acne vulgaris. Methods This is an analytical observational cross-sectional study. Sample subjects were patients with acne vulgaris who met the inclusion criteria. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) study was applied to measure IL-19 serum. Result Analysis test found statistically significant difference between IL-19 serum concentration of group of patients with mild acne vulgaris and that of group of patients with severe acne vulgaris. Moreover, analysis revealed significant difference between IL-19 serum concentration of group of patients with moderate acne vulgaris and that of group of patients with severe acne vulgaris. Conclusions There are differences in serum levels of IL-19 on the severity of acne vulgaris. The significant difference might show that inflammation has a core role in severity of acne vulgaris, and IL-19 might potentially be related to acne vulgaris.

Assessment of serum interleukin‐19 in acne vulgaris patients of different clinical severities

“…This observational analytical cross‐sectional pilot study included 120 subjects, aged 18‐30 years, recruited from the dermatology out‐patient clinics. Subjects were divided into four groups, 30 in each; mild, moderate, and severe AV patients groups according to acne severity 12 as well as apparently healthy controls group of matched age and sex with no previous history of acne or active acne. All subjects provided informed consents to participate in this work after approval of the local ethical committee.…”

“…Using pass program, 17 setting alpha error at 5%, and power at 80%, assuming that the mean IL‐19 level among mild, moderate, and severe acne cases was 18.38, 21.23, and 31.19, respectively, with estimated common SD of 11 12 . The target sample was 15 patients at least per group and same number for the healthy controls group.…”

“…There are various findings regarding the serum proinflammatory cytokines related to AV, 10,11 but no previous studies have related IL‐19 cytokine to AV or its severity except Mochtar et al 12 Therefore, our study aimed primarily to look at the difference in IL‐19 serum concentration between acne vulgaris patients and controls and secondarily to correlate serum IL‐19 levels with AV severity to confirm the supposed role of IL‐19 in pathogenesis of AV and prognosis of its severity, thus antagonizing IL‐19 actions by monoclonal antibodies could be likely a promising option for treatment of AV.…”

Acne vulgaris: role of the immune system

“…Concerning the severity of acne, Mochtar et al. 's study in 66 participants analyzed the acne's severity with IL‐19 concentrations from blood samples 28 . The degree of severity was decided according to the grading classification of Lehmann.…”

“…They detected a statistically significant difference between mild and severe acne groups ( P = 0.010); however, there was no significant difference between the mild and moderate acne groups. The reason why this study focused on IL‐19 is that this cytokine can give itself positive feedback, and it has been shown to be related to acne vulgaris 28 …”