The differences frequency of weekly physical exercise in antioxidant serum levels and muscle damage

Abstract

Problems and Purpose. A measurable physical exercise that follows the rules can improve physiological abilities. However, physical exercise that is not according to the rules, such as lack of recovery time caused by too frequent exercise, can increase the accumulation of free radicals in the body. In addition, the limited recovery time can also increase tissue damage to the muscles. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of differences in the frequency of physical exercise in one week on serum antioxidant levels and tissue damage. Materials and methods. This study was experimental with a post-test-only control group design, with the sample being male Wistar rats. There were 24 male Wistar rats divided into four groups. In the control group, the rats were not given physical exercise. In experimental group 1, rats were given physical exercise 2 times a week. In experimental group 2, rats were given physical exercise 4 times a week. In group 3, rats were given physical exercise every day. Physical training was carried out for four weeks. Then, biomarkers of serum antioxidant levels (SOD, CAT, GPx) and muscle tissue damage biomarkers (LDH, IL-6, and CPK) were checked. Results. Physical exercise 4 times a week and daily without sufficient recovery time can significantly reduce serum antioxidant levels and increase muscle tissue damage (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Based on this study, physical exercise must be accompanied by sufficient recovery time to avoid decreased serum antioxidant levels and increased muscle tissue damage.

Effect of Resistance Training with Gym Machines On Muscle Strength and Body Mass Index in Obese Women Student College

“…Muscle hypertrophy and resistance training have been linked. Two main ideas in consistent resistance training are progressive overload and variation to promote continued muscle adaptation (Dewangga & Irianto, 2023). Variability in resistance training refers to the methodical modification of one or more program elements, like volume and intensity, while progressive overload refers to a steady increase in the body's stress (Dewangga et al, 2021).…”

“…It is very important to do Resistance training at least two or three times a week (Fariz & Dewangga, 2020). Training must be intensified gradually to increase muscle strength by increasing the load or number of repetitions (Dewangga & Irianto, 2023).…”

The Impact of Physical Exercise on Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress: Balancing the Benefits and Risks

“…Their study, which divided the rats into four groups subjected to different exercise frequencies, found that exercising four times a week or daily without sufficient recovery decreased the serum antioxidant levels and increased muscle tissue damage. This underscores the importance of integrating adequate rest days into exercise routines to preserve the body's antioxidant capacity and muscle health [44].…”

“…Conversely, high-intensity exercise can lead to an overload of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, overwhelming the antioxidant defense and resulting in cellular damage, muscle fatigue, and impaired recovery, conditions often exacerbated during continuous intense training without adequate rest [26,40,66]. Such scenarios are associated with overtraining syndrome in athletes, characterized by persistent fatigue and reduced performance [29,33,44,46]. Thus, it is critical to design training programs that include proper recovery and nutritional support to moderate the physiological impacts of exercise [34,40,50].…”

The Impact of Physical Exercise on Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress: Balancing the Benefits and Risks

“…Findings revealed that exercising four times a week or daily, without sufficient recovery, led to lower serum antioxidant levels and more significant muscle tissue damage. This highlights the importance of including enough rest days in exercise regimes to prevent adverse effects on the body's antioxidant capacity and muscle health [50]. Implementing active recovery techniques and getting enough sleep can significantly enhance recovery and boost antioxidant defenses, helping to offset exercise-induced oxidative stress.…”