The Diffusion of Collective Violence

Pitcher, Brian L.; Hamblin, Robert L.; Miller, Jerry L.

doi:10.2307/2094759

Cited by 86 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Modern variants of "contagion" notions recognize that diffusion is a rational form of inter-actor influence in which potential actors observe and evaluate the outcomes of others' behaviors and then make a decision for themselves about whether or not to adopt the behavior (Oberschall 1980(Oberschall , 1989. This variant of contagion has long been used in studies of collective behaviors including rioting (Hobsbawn and Rudé 1968;Charlesworth 1979;Bohstedt 1994;Bohstedt and Williams 1988;Myers 1997b), protest tactics (McAdam 1983;Oberschall 1989), hijacking, coups, other collective violence (Pitcher, Hamblin, and Miller 1978;Hamblin, Jacobsen, and Miller 1973), and even fads (Aguirre, Quarantelli, and Mendoza 1988).…”

Section: Riot Contagionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Formally, contagious influence is part of a collective behavior process when one collective actor engages in an act of protest or violence and their behavior changes the probability of future similar acts (Oberschall 1980(Oberschall , 1989Spilerman 1970;Pitcher, Hamblin, and Miller 1978;Myers 1997b;Shanahan and Olzak 1998;Aguirre, Quarantelli, and Mendoza 1988). How and why would this occur with riots in general and the racial riots of the 1960s in particular?…”

Section: Riot Contagionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Diffusion of Collective Violence: Infectiousness, Susceptibility, and Mass Media Networks

Myers

2000

American Journal of Sociology

280

158

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Section: Riot Contagionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Riot Contagionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diffusion of Collective Violence: Infectiousness, Susceptibility, and Mass Media Networks

Myers

2000

American Journal of Sociology

280

158

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…These "interactions" models have been applied to a wide range of social phenomena, including, for example, outbreaks of crime or violence (LaFree 1999;Tolnay, Deane, and Beck 1996;Spilerman 1970;Pitcher, Hamblin, and Miller 1978); the adoption of technological innovation 2 (Coleman, Katz, and Menzel 1966;Burt 1987;Ryan and Gross 1943;Hagerstrand 1967); neighborhood rates of teen sexual behavior and pregnancy (Rowe and Rogers 1991;Crane 1991); the propagation of rumors and the persistence of urban legends (Noymer 2001), the spread of conventions, fads, and fashions (Young 1996;Lieberson, Dumais, and Baumann 2000); and the timing and occurrence of social movements and social protest (Tarrow 1998;McAdam and Rucht 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Choice and Neighborhood Change

Bruch

Mare

2006

American Journal of Sociology

282

211

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This paper examines the relationships between the residential choices of individuals and aggregate segregation patterns. Analyses based on computational models show that high levels of segregation occur only when individuals' preferences follow a threshold function. If individuals make finer-grained distinctions among neighborhoods that vary in racial composition, preferences alone do not lead to segregation. Vignette data indicate that individuals respond in a continuous way to variations in the racial makeup of neighborhoods rather than to a threshold. Race preferences alone may be insufficient to account for the high levels of segregation observed in American cities.Neighborhood Choice and Neighborhood Change

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“…Changes in the rate of incidents have typically been modeled as deterministic functions of time or of the total number of previous events. For example, the logistic growth curve and several similar curves have been fitted to data on hijackings and other types of events by Hamblin, Jacobsen, and Miller (1973) and Pitcher, Hamblin, and Miller (1978). Various other authors have attempted to capture the dynamics of social contagion with stochastic models.…”

Section: Model For Contagionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Series Analysis of a Contagious Process

Holden

1987

Journal of the American Statistical Association

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Between 1968 and 1972 there were 326 attempts to hijack aircraft worldwide, including 137 attempts in the United States. Those attempts were often attributed to imitation of previous hijacking incidents, and aircraft hijacking, like many other types of behavior, was described as a ''contagious'' phenomenon. In this article a general mathematical model is developed for serial dependence of rates at which events occur and is applied to data on the hijacking attempts in the U.S. during the 1968-1972 period.The general model leads to a class of autoregressive moving average (ARMA) time series models for Poisson-distributed variates. The ARMA parameters are constrained in such a way that clear interpretation of a process as either contagious or self-inhibiting is possible. The time series models can be generalized to distinguish effects of various subsets of prior incidents (e.g., previous successful and unsuccessful hijacking attempts) and to allow for effects of exogenous time series on the rate of occurrences. Procedures for maximum likelihood estimation and hypothesis testing are described in the Appendix.Unlike many other contagion models, ours is a model for a stationary stochastic process rather than for an epidemic. The underlying probability model is appropriate for aircraft hijacking data since it takes into account the rarity of hijackers in the U.S. population and the fact that the entire U S . population was in contact with those "infected" individuals as a result of the nationwide publicity that hijacking attempts received. As a model for a stationary process, it takes into account the fact that aircraft hijacking neither began in 1968 nor ended in 1972.Parameter estimates for the models suggest that successful hijackings in the United States did indeed increase the subsequent rate of hijacking attempts during the 1968-1972 period; each successful hijacking generated about .5 new attempts, with a median delay of about 33 days. Unsuccessful attempts had neither a stimulating nor an inhibiting effect.

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The Diffusion of Collective Violence

Cited by 86 publications

References 20 publications

The Diffusion of Collective Violence: Infectiousness, Susceptibility, and Mass Media Networks

The Diffusion of Collective Violence: Infectiousness, Susceptibility, and Mass Media Networks

Neighborhood Choice and Neighborhood Change

Time Series Analysis of a Contagious Process

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