The Dilemmas of Risk-Sensitive Development on a Small Volcanic Island

Wilkinson, Emily; Lovell, Emma; Carby, Barbara; Barclay, Jenni; Robertson, R. E. A.

doi:10.3390/resources5020021

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Our extensive research across physical and social sciences in our chosen settings informed the way we, and our project partners, co-designed the film aims, selected the intended audience and drafted the narrative thread. This underpinning data included: (i) historical analyses of previous eruptions in St Vincent (Pyle, Barclay and Armijos 2017); (ii) group discussion data from earlier STREVA 'forensic' 6 workshops held in St Vincent and Colombia in 2014 ; (iii) interview data with project partners and communities (Armijos and Few 2016, Wilkinson et al 2016, and (iv) learning from other volcanic settings (e.g. Montserrat and Ecuador) (Hicks and Few 2015, Wilkinson 2015, Stone et al 2014, Hicks et al 2014, Few, Armijos and Barclay 2017.…”

Section: Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk communication films: Process, product and potential for improving preparedness and behaviour change

Hicks

Armijos

Barclay

et al. 2017

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction

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The medium of film is well established for education and communication about hazardous phenomena as it provides engaging ways to directly view hazards and their impacts. Empirical analysis can help to understand films' effectiveness in informing populations at risk and catalysing action to reduce risk.Using volcanic eruptions as a focus, an evidence-based methodology was devised to create, use, and track the outcomes of digital film tools designed to raise hazard and risk awareness, and develop preparedness efforts. Experiences from two contrasting eruptions were documented, with the secondary purpose of fostering social and cultural memories of eruptions, developed in response to demand from at-risk communities during field-based research. The films were created as a partnership with local volcano monitoring scientists and at-risk populations who, consequently, became the leading focus of the films, thus offering a substantial contrast to other types of hazard communication.The films were analysed by sharing them with at-risk communities and evaluating the immediate influence on learning and affect. Results indicated that the use of local content and actors to share experiences and teach valuable lessons were inspirational. Recognizable faces and spaces helped to convey disaster risk reduction messages. They This study demonstrated the effectiveness of co-production in the design and execution of intervention strategies for volcanic risk reduction. Co-production of films with local agencies resulted in products that were contextually appropriate, meaningful for audiences, and useful risk communication tools. Acronyms

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Section: Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Informed by recent research in both settings (Armijos and Few 2016, Wilkinson et al 2016, we ensured that the film content, and the methods of dissemination (e.g. workshops, online) addressed the needs of a broad potential audience.…”

Section: Films As Motivation For People To Actively Seek Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk communication films: Process, product and potential for improving preparedness and behaviour change

Hicks

Armijos

Barclay

et al. 2017

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction

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“…Consequently, and in common with many other Small Island Developing States (SIDS) worldwide, Dominica is prone to a wide variety of natural hazards including hurricanes, intense rainfall, slope instability, volcanic eruptions, seismic activity, and tsunami (Wilkinson et al, 2016). Since Columbus's ship first saw the island in 1493, impacts from some 177 intense storms or hurricanes, and 4 earthquakes or earthquake swarms have been recorded (Table 1).…”

Section: Dominica: the Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) Dominica is a Kalinago stronghold, and base from which to launch attacks on European colonists. 1686-1763 (2,3) Following continued battles for control between the British, French, and Kalinagos, Dominica is declared neutral territory. French develop coffee and cocoa plantations, with some English habitation.…”

Section: Dominica: the Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Across the Caribbean, a series of shortsighted policy and investment decisions have led to an accumulation of exposure and vulnerability to hazards in these islands. High levels of debt and dependency on external finance, economic instability, insularity, remoteness and environmental fragility, limit their development potential, but so too do the repeated and devastating impacts of disasters (Wilkinson et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Historical trajectories of disaster risk in Dominica

Barclay¹,

Wilkinson²,

White³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The calamitous consequences of Hurricane Maria (2017) for the Caribbean island of Dominica highlighted the acute and increasing susceptibility of the region to hazard events. Despite the increasing international attention given to disaster risk reduction, recovery from hazard events can be especially lengthy and difficult for Small Island Developing States. In this paper we build on existing understandings of disaster risk as a physical and social condition, and take a novel approach showing that historical processes are fundamental to understanding not only how conditions of risk emerge, but also how societal inertia causes them to persist over time. We take an integrated approach to analyzing the historical, physical, and social and political drivers of risk accumulation, and the consequent barriers to the reduction of risk. Using the example of Dominica, we demonstrate how processes set in motion during colonial times have shaped where people and assets are located, the degree to which they might be harmed, the societal repercussions of that harm and the prospects for recovery. We develop an understanding of the historical factors that have shaped Dominica's development trajectory, focusing on the underlying economic vulnerabilities and physical exposure to hazards created by agricultural, economic, and social practices, and successive government and international responses that have constrained post-disaster recovery. We argue that uncovering these historical drivers and persistent issues elucidates lessons for pursuing a more resilient development trajectory, including through the promotion of economic restructuring and diversification. SignificanceThis paper provides an integrated approach to analyzing the historical, physical, and social and political drivers of risk and the barriers to risk reduction in the Caribbean island of Dominica. We show how a historical focus on these drivers can reveal the reasons why risk has accumulated over time, and how recurrent hazards have played an important role in further generating vulnerability and exposure. This paper demonstrates how combinations of events and processes have heightened disaster risk for the island, explaining why Dominica now faces significant challenges in pursuing social, economic and sustainable development. This work can inform similar analyses of the historical factors that have shaped the development of other small island developing states with colonial histories.

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