The dimensions of DNA in solution

Mandelkern, Marshal; Elias, John G.; Eden, Don; Crothers, Donald M.

doi:10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1

Cited by 211 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Since the volume of the nucleoid is extremely small (0.006 to 0.020 m 3 , the range probably reflecting the inevitable increase in DNA content during replication), the DNA of strain Pei191 T must be tightly packed. Using the volume taken up by a DNA molecule in aqueous solution (34) and assuming the average volume of a single copy of the chromosome to be 0.008 m 3 , we estimated that the DNA of strain Pei191…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ultramicrobacterium “ Elusimicrobium minutum ” gen. nov., sp. nov., the First Cultivated Representative of the Termite Group 1 Phylum

Geissinger

Herlemann

Mörschel

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

169

103

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Insect intestinal tracts harbor several novel, deep-rooting clades of as-yet-uncultivated bacteria whose biology is typically completely unknown. Here, we report the isolation of the first representative of the termite group 1 (TG1) phylum from sterile-filtered gut homogenates of a humivorous scarab beetle larva. Strain Pei191T is a mesophilic, obligately anaerobic ultramicrobacterium with a gram-negative cell envelope. Cells are typically rod shaped, but cultures are pleomorphic in all growth phases (0.3 to 2.5 μm long and 0.17 to 0.3 μm wide). The isolate grows heterotrophically on sugars and ferments d-galactose, d-glucose, d-fructose, d-glucosamine, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine to acetate, ethanol, hydrogen, and alanine as major products but only if amino acids are present in the medium. PCR-based screening and comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain Pei191T belongs to the “intestinal cluster,” a lineage of hitherto uncultivated bacteria present in arthropod and mammalian gut systems. It is only distantly related to the previously described so-called “endomicrobia” lineage, which comprises mainly uncultivated endosymbionts of termite gut flagellates. We propose the name “Elusimicrobium minutum” gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain, Pei191T = ATCC BAA-1559T = JCM 14958T) for the first isolate of this deep-branching lineage and the name “Elusimicrobia” phyl. nov. for the former TG1 phylum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ultramicrobacterium “ Elusimicrobium minutum ” gen. nov., sp. nov., the First Cultivated Representative of the Termite Group 1 Phylum

Geissinger

Herlemann

Mörschel

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

169

103

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“…Foscarnet is a potent inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA polymerase  [74,75], an enzyme crucially involved in maintaining chromosomal integrity and telomere length. [58] and Kuhn & Kuhn [59] [pK′a,HG = apparent acid dissociation constant (25 °C) of haploid H. sapiens genome B-DNA double helix; pKa,R-OH = 1.29 = theoretical pKa (25 °C) [86] of one isolated internucleotide phosphodiester (R-OH) proton; s = 1 = number of statistical subunits on thread molecule [59]; j = 6 = number of spacing atoms (at least distance) in one dsDNA repeating unit [59]; b = 0.334 × 10 -7 cm (0.334 ± 0.01 nm [87]) = length rise in cm of one B- [103,104], creating an apurinic site [103][104][105]. Proton-catalysed N-glycosylation [110,111] at the 6-NH2 of adenine regenerates a nucleobase-inverted 2'-deoxynucleotide which is in furanose ring-opening equilibrium with its ald(os)imine form.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The apparent (effective) pK′a,HG (25 °C) = 7.1849 of the haploid human genome was calculated ( Figure 12A) according to the method of Katchalsky & Gillis [58], as based on the theoretical considerations of Kuhn & Kuhn [59]. The length rise of one B-DNA repeating unit (helix rise/bp) in solution (in the crystal: 0.336 nm [87,88]) was taken as: b = 0.334 × 10 -7 cm (0.334 ± 0.01 nm [87]). …”

Section: Calculation Of the Apparent Acid Dissociation Constant Of Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spermine Phosphate-Bound Cyclooctaoxygen Sodium Epigenetic Shell of Euchromatin DNA Is Destroyed by the Epigenetic Poison Glyphosate

Kesel¹,

Struys²,

Cellini³

2017

Preprint

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Oxygen exists in two gaseous and six solid allotropic modifications. An additional allotropic modification of oxygen, the cyclooctaoxygen, was predicted to exist in 1990. The first synthesis and characterization of cyclooctaoxygen as its sodium crown complex, isolated in the form of three cytosine nucleoside hydrochloride complexes, was reported in 2016. Cyclooctaoxygen sodium was synthesized from atmospheric oxygen, or catalase effect-generated oxygen, under catalysis of cytosine nucleosides and either ninhydrin or eukaryotic low-molecular weight RNA. The cationic cyclooctaoxygen sodium complex was shown to bind RNA and DNA, to associate with single-stranded DNA and spermine phosphate, and to be essentially non-toxic to cultured mammalian cells at 0.1-1.0 mM concentration. We postulated that cyclooctaoxygen is formed in most eukaryotic cells from dihydrogen peroxide in a catalase reaction catalysed by cytidine and RNA. A molecular biological model was deduced for a first epigenetic shell of eukaryotic euchromatin. This model incorporates an epigenetic explanation for the interactions of the essential micronutrient selenium (as selenite) with eukaryotic euchromatin. The sperminium phosphate/cyclooctaoxygen sodium complex is calculated to cover the actively transcribed regions (2.6%) of bovine lymphocyte interphase genome. Cyclooctaoxygen seems to be naturally absent in hypoxia-induced highly condensed chromatin, taken as a model for eukaryotic metaphase/anaphase/early telophase mitotic chromatin. We hence propose that the cyclooctaoxygen sodium-bridged spermine phosphate and selenite coverage serves as an epigenetic shell of actively transcribed gene regions in eukaryotic 'open' euchromatin DNA. The total herbicide glyphosate (ROUNDUP) and its metabolite (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid (AMPA) are proved to represent 'epigenetic poisons', since they both selectively destroy the cyclooctaoxygen sodium complex. This definition is of reason, since the destruction of cyclooctaoxygen is sufficient to bring the protection shield of human euchromatin into collateral epigenetic collapse.

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“…Thus, the following relation is derived: 2 tan α = cos α, which yields the pith angle of circular polarization α CP = 24.5 • for the ds-helix. Intriguingly, we can draw a parallel between the considering optimal ds-helix and B-DNA [24,25], which is the most common form of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) found in nature. It has the radius r = 1.0-1.3 nm and the pitch h = 3.3-3.4 nm.…”

Section: Theory Of Single-particle Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realization of Linear-to-Circular Polarization Conversion by a Single Bifilar Particle

Balmakou¹,

Semchenko²,

Nagatsu³

2013

PIER M

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Abstract-In this paper, we provide a new theoretical model describing mechanism of electromagnetic radiation (and scattering) by passive single-and double-stranded (bifilar) helices. The proposed model is derived from basic physical principles till the end formulas which were computer processed for predicting a polarization type of the wave scattered by a helix. Comparison of the two types of helical oscillators revealed radical differences in their scattering performance (intensity and polarization). Optimal parameters of the bifilar helix for transformation of the polarization state from linear to circular were found for a non-axial direction of the incident and scattered field. Key features of the proposed model were confirmed by computer simulations.

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The dimensions of DNA in solution

Cited by 211 publications

References 19 publications

The Ultramicrobacterium “ Elusimicrobium minutum ” gen. nov., sp. nov., the First Cultivated Representative of the Termite Group 1 Phylum

The Ultramicrobacterium “ Elusimicrobium minutum ” gen. nov., sp. nov., the First Cultivated Representative of the Termite Group 1 Phylum

The Spermine Phosphate-Bound Cyclooctaoxygen Sodium Epigenetic Shell of Euchromatin DNA Is Destroyed by the Epigenetic Poison Glyphosate

Realization of Linear-to-Circular Polarization Conversion by a Single Bifilar Particle

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