The dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella producing only carbamate toxins may account for the seafood poisonings in Qinhuangdao, China

Yu, Rencheng; Zhang, Qing‐Chun; Liu, Yang; Chen, Zhen-Fan; Geng, Hui-Xia; Dai, Lei; Lin, Zhuo-Ru; Tang, Wen-Jiao; Kong, Fan‐Zhou; Tian, Yun; Zhou, Mingjiang

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2021.101980

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Similarly, the near-shore water temperature in the Bohai Sea during spring ranges from 2.8 • C to 14.3 • C, providing optimum conditions for the growth of PST-producing algae [32,69]. The PSTs found in the Qinhuangdao Sea during spring are mainly produced by A. tamarense that could thrive at temperatures between 10 • C and 13 • C [33,70]. The growth of Prorocentrum is more favorable in the East China Sea during spring, when compared with that in other seasons, because the water temperature in the East China Sea during May is around 25 • C [71], which is conducive for achieving the maximum proliferation rate of marine Prorocentrum [72].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contamination Status and Risk Assessment of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Shellfish along the Coastal Areas of China

Zheng,

Xu,

et al. 2024

Marine Drugs

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Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are widely distributed in shellfish along the coast of China, causing a serious threat to consumer health; however, there is still a lack of large-scale systematic investigations and risk assessments. Herein, 641 shellfish samples were collected from March to November 2020, and the PSTs’ toxicity was detected via liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the contamination status and potential dietary risks of PSTs were discussed. PSTs were detected in 241 shellfish samples with a detection rate of 37.60%. The average PST toxicities in mussels and ark shells were considerably higher than those in other shellfish. The PSTs mainly included N-sulfonylcarbamoyl toxins (class C) and carbamoyl toxins (class GTX), and the highest PST toxicity was 546.09 μg STX eq. kg−1. The PST toxicity in spring was significantly higher than those in summer and autumn (p < 0.05). Hebei Province had the highest average PST toxicity in spring. An acute exposure assessment showed that consumers in Hebei Province had a higher dietary risk, with mussels posing a significantly higher dietary risk to consumers. This research provides reference for the green and sustainable development of the shellfish industry and the establishment of a shellfish toxin prevention and control system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2016, severe shellfish poisoning occurred in Qinhuangdao, where the toxin levels surpassed the safety limit (800 µg STX eq. kg −1 ) by 65 times [33]. In recent years, there has been a rise in the poisoning incidents resulting from the consumption of toxic shellfish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination Status and Risk Assessment of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Shellfish along the Coastal Areas of China

Zheng,

Xu,

et al. 2024

Marine Drugs

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“…Another example is the seafood poisoning incident in 2016. This was mainly caused by the toxic species Alexandrium catenella (Yu et al, 2021;Tang et al, 2022a). Surficial sediments sampled in the area showed a decreasing trend from northeast to southwest (Tang et al,.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical study on the responses of coastal water quality to river runoff after heavy rainfall in the case of a complex coastline with two artificial islands

Wang

Feng²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Heavy rainfall causes large volumes of freshwater and nutrient salts to flow from rivers into the sea. This leads to major changes in the ecological environment of estuarine waters in a short period of time. The responses of the estuarine hydro-environment become more complex with the concentrated construction of artificial structures, which is a major cause of marine ecological disasters. This paper considers the Tang Estuary in Qinhuangdao, where artificial structures (e.g., ports, artificial islands, and bridges) are concentrated, as a prototype with the weak tidal dynamic environment. A nested prototype of hydrodynamics and water quality was established using a Delft3D model, with coupled waves and flows. The model was used to simulate the spatial and ephemeral characteristics of the short-term responses of ecological environmental factors, such as dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), nitrate-nitrogen (i.e., NO3-N), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), and orthophosphate (i.e., PO4-P), to an episode of heavy rainfall in August 2022. The results showed that concentrations of DIN and NO3-N in the source areas remain high after the flooding process. The concentration recovered to normal values approximately 5.5 days after the flooding process. In contrast, NH4-N and PO4-P showed a response with ephemeral correspondence with the flooding process, and concentration recovery took only approximately 1 day. This paper proposes two short-term response modes of pollutant diffusion, which provide help in exploring the role of hydro-environmental changes in offshore algal hazards and the effect of permeable buildings on pollutant dispersion. This additionally provides possibilities with the forecasting of red tide and green tide, and for their prevention in the future.

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“…An outbreak of PSP occurred in April 2016 in Qinhuangdao, a city along the coast of the Bohai Sea, and the causative species of the poisoning incident was suspected to be a species of Alexandrium [5]. During a cruise in 2019 in Qinhuangdao, three isolates of Alexandrium were established by cyst germination, and all three strains had the same toxin profile consisting of gonyautoxins 1, 3, 4 (GTX1, 3, 4) and neosaxitoxin (NEO) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since 2016, a recurring Alexandrium catenella bloom has occurred in Qinhuangdao [6], a city along the coast of the Bohai Sea. M. galloprovincialis was the cause of PST poisoning at a relatively high level of over 4.9 × 10 4 µg STX eq/kg in 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals MAPK/AMPK as a Key Regulator of the Inflammatory Response in PST Detoxification in Mytilus galloprovincialis and Argopecten irradians

Dong

Zheng

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are an increasingly important source of pollution. Bivalves, as the main transmission medium, accumulate and metabolize PSTs while protecting themselves from damage. At present, the resistance mechanism of bivalves to PSTs is unclear. In this study, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Argopecten irradians were used as experimental shellfish species for in situ monitoring. We compared the inflammatory-related gene responses of the two shellfish during PSTs exposure by using transcriptomes. The results showed that the accumulation and metabolism rate of PSTs in M. galloprovincialis was five-fold higher than that in A. irradians. The inflammatory balance mechanism of M. galloprovincialis involved the co-regulation of the MAPK-based and AMPK-based anti-inflammatory pathways. A. irradians bore a higher risk of death because it did not have the balance system, and the regulation of apoptosis-related pathways such as the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway were upregulated. Taken together, the regulation of the inflammatory balance coincides with the ability of bivalves to cope with PSTs. Inflammation is an important factor that affects the metabolic pattern of PSTs in bivalves. This study provides new evidence to support the studies on the resistance mechanism of bivalves to PSTs.

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The dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella producing only carbamate toxins may account for the seafood poisonings in Qinhuangdao, China

Cited by 19 publications

References 56 publications

Contamination Status and Risk Assessment of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Shellfish along the Coastal Areas of China

Contamination Status and Risk Assessment of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Shellfish along the Coastal Areas of China

A numerical study on the responses of coastal water quality to river runoff after heavy rainfall in the case of a complex coastline with two artificial islands

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals MAPK/AMPK as a Key Regulator of the Inflammatory Response in PST Detoxification in Mytilus galloprovincialis and Argopecten irradians

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