The dispersion of carbon nanotubes in composite materials studied by computer simulation of Small Angle Scattering

Garrido-Regife, Laura; Rivero-Antúnez, Pedro; Morales‐Flórez, Víctor

doi:10.1016/j.physb.2022.414450

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…CNTs exhibit excellent optical, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties, providing extensive prospects in nanocomposite materials [ 13 ], sensors [ 14 ], energy conversion and storage [ 15 ], transparent conductors [ 16 ], flexible electronics [ 17 ], electromagnetic shielding [ 18 ], and catalysts [ 19 ]. However, the strong van der Waals forces among CNTs result in the formation of bundles or larger agglomerates, making it challenging to disperse them in water, organic solvents, or polymer matrices, limiting their applications in various fields [ 20 , 21 ]. Similarly, achieving proper dispersion of CNTs in PS is a primary challenge in the study of CNTs/PS nanocomposites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes in Polystyrene and Properties of Their Composites: A Review

Li,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Polymers

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The inherent π–π interfacial interaction between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polystyrene (PS) makes the CNT/PS composite a representative thermoplastic nanocomposite. However, the strong van der Waals force among CNTs poses challenges to achieving effective dispersion. This review provides an overview of various CNT functionalization methods for CNT/PS composites, encompassing covalent grafting with PS-related polymers and non-covalent modification. A focus in this section involves the pre-introduction surface modification of CNTs with PS or PS-related polymers, substantially enhancing both CNT dispersibility and interfacial compatibility within the PS matrix. Furthermore, a comprehensive summary of the mechanical, electrical, thermal, and electromagnetic shielding properties of CNT/PS nanocomposites is provided, offering an overall understanding of this material. The surface modification methods of CNTs reviewed in this paper can be extended to carbon material/aromatic polymer composites, assisting researchers in customizing the optimal surface modification methods for CNTs, maximizing their dispersibility, and fully unleashing the various properties of CNTs/polymer composites. Additionally, high-performance CNTs/PS composites prepared using appropriate CNT modification methods have potential applications in areas such as electronic devices, sensors, and energy storage and conversion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes in Polystyrene and Properties of Their Composites: A Review

Li,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Polymers

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“…Uniform dispersion throughout the matrix is necessary for high aspect ratio 1-D nanomaterial composites, and if not properly dispersed, the formation of BNNT agglomerates can lead to a decrease in mechanical properties, making dispersion a crucial issue. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Specifically, high-quality BNNTs with high aspect ratios tend to form agglomerates due to van der Waals forces between the nanotubes during synthesis. 40,41 In this study, ZrB 2 composites were produced using high aspect ratio BNNTs, and dispersion methods were implemented to address dispersion issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of high aspect ratio boron nitride nanotube–ZrB_₂ composites and the effect of dispersion

et al. 2023

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Ultrahigh‐temperature ceramics (UHTCs) exhibit remarkable hardness and resistance to oxidative ablation, making them suitable for use in hypersonic environments, such as hypersonic aircraft and space shuttles. However, their low fracture toughness limits their applications as engineering materials. In this study, zirconium diboride, an extremely hard and oxidation‐resistant UHTC, was sintered with high aspect ratio boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) to improve the fracture toughness of UHTC. Although the high aspect ratio BNNTs tend to become entangled and are inefficient in improving the fracture toughness of the composite, the use of plasma functionalization can effectively disperse the BNNTs in UHTC, resulting in the increase in the fracture toughness of the UHTC composite.

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“…Its evaluation can provide an insight into the relationship between the microstructure and measured properties of the composites [ 42 , 43 ]. The experimental techniques commonly used for evaluating dispersion state include optical microscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultraviolet-visible-infrared (UV-Vis-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, X-ray microtomography, and small angle scattering techniques, such small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), small angle light scattering (SALS), and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Impact Properties of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Phenolic Composites Containing Microfillers

et al. 2023

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The addition of nano- and microfillers to carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) to improve their static mechanical properties is attracting growing research interest because their introduction does not increase the weight of parts made from CFRPs. However, the current understanding of the high strain rate deformation behaviour of CFRPs containing nanofillers/microfillers is limited. The present study investigated the dynamic impact properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced phenolic composites (CFRPCs) modified with microfillers. The CFRPCs were fabricated using 2D woven carbon fibers, two phenolic resole resins (HRJ-15881 and SP-6877), and two microfillers (colloidal silica and silicon carbide (SiC)). The amount of microfillers incorporated into the CFRPCs varied from 0.0 wt.% to 2.0 wt.%. A split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), operated at momentums of 15 kg m/s and 28 kg m/s, was used to determine the impact properties of the composites. The evolution of damage in the impacted specimens was studied using optical stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. It was found that, at an impact momentum of 15 kg m/s, the impact properties of HRJ-15881-based CFRPCs increased with SiC addition up to 1.5 wt.%, while those of SP-6877-based composites increased only up to 0.5 wt.%. At 28 kg m/s, the impact properties of the composites increased up to 0.5 wt.% SiC addition for both SP-6877 and HRJ-15881 based composites. However, the addition of colloidal silica did not improve the dynamic impact properties of composites based on both phenolic resins at both impact momentums. The improvement in the impact properties of composites made with SiC microfiller can be attributed to improvement in crystallinity offered by the α-SiC type microfiller used in this study. No fracture was observed in specimens impacted at an impact momentum of 15 kg m/s. However, at 28 kg m/s, edge chip-off and cracks extending through the surface were observed at lower microfiller addition (≤1 wt.%), which became more pronounced at higher microfiller loading (≥1.5 wt.%).

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The dispersion of carbon nanotubes in composite materials studied by computer simulation of Small Angle Scattering

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes in Polystyrene and Properties of Their Composites: A Review

Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes in Polystyrene and Properties of Their Composites: A Review

Fabrication of high aspect ratio boron nitride nanotube–ZrB_₂ composites and the effect of dispersion

Dynamic Impact Properties of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Phenolic Composites Containing Microfillers

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The dispersion of carbon nanotubes in composite materials studied by computer simulation of Small Angle Scattering

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes in Polystyrene and Properties of Their Composites: A Review

Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes in Polystyrene and Properties of Their Composites: A Review

Fabrication of high aspect ratio boron nitride nanotube–ZrB₂ composites and the effect of dispersion

Dynamic Impact Properties of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Phenolic Composites Containing Microfillers

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Product

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Fabrication of high aspect ratio boron nitride nanotube–ZrB_₂ composites and the effect of dispersion