The dispositional basis of attitudes: A replication and extension of Hepler and Albarracín (2013).

Eschleman, Kevin J.; Bowling, Nathan A.; Judge, Timothy A.

doi:10.1037/pspp0000017

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Further, dispositional attitude certainty predicted certainty in a newly formed attitude. Indeed, the DAS and DAS-C each uniquely positively predicted their corresponding measure (i.e., attitudes and attitude certainty, respectively) toward a novel object, providing a close replication of Hepler and Albarracín (2013; see also Eschleman et al, 2015), and extending their work to predicting certainty in a novel attitude. In Study 4, we seek to further explore dispositional attitude certainty by examining whether it predicts important attitudinally relevant outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Documenting individual differences in the propensity to hold attitudes with certainty.

DeMarree¹,

Petty²,

Briñol³

et al. 2020

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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The certainty with which people hold their attitudes is an important consideration because attitudes held with certainty better predict judgment and behavior than attitudes held with doubt. However, little is known about whether people’s assessments of their certainty reflect a disposition to hold attitudes with confidence. Adapting methods used to document individual differences in people’s attitudes, the present research demonstrates that the certainty with which people hold any given attitude is in part a reflection of a relatively stable disposition. Across 5 studies and 6 samples (total N = 106,050), we demonstrate dispositional variability in attitude certainty and show that it is related to but distinct from confidence in other judgmental domains. We also demonstrate that dispositional attitude certainty may be useful in predicting certainty in newly formed evaluations (Study 3) and an important consequence of certainty—attitude-behavior correspondence (as indicated by reports of behavioral intentions and recent behavior; Study 4 and Student Sample in Study 5). Furthermore, we demonstrate that dispositional attitude certainty is relatively stable over time (Study 5). Results are discussed with respect to potential mechanisms and boundary conditions relating to dispositional attitude certainty, the implications of these individual differences for attitudes and persuasion, as well as the potential origins of dispositional attitude certainty.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Documenting individual differences in the propensity to hold attitudes with certainty.

DeMarree¹,

Petty²,

Briñol³

et al. 2020

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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“…Second, thresholds of different persons probably also vary. For example, persons differ in their disposition to adopt negative or positive attitudes (Eschleman, Bowling, & Judge, 2015; Hepler & Albarracín, 2013). Third, whether one has endorsed (not endorsed) an evaluative reaction in the past will probably also heighten (lower) the threshold of this evaluative reaction in the future, implying that the evaluative reaction is more likely to be endorsed (not endorsed) in the future.…”

Section: The Causal Attitude Network (Can) Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a formalized account of attitudes: The Causal Attitude Network (CAN) model.

Dalege

Borsboom

Harreveld

et al. 2016

Psychological Review

320

450

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This paper introduces the Causal Attitude Network (CAN) model, which conceptualizes attitudes as networks consisting of evaluative reactions and interactions between these reactions. Relevant evaluative reactions include beliefs, feelings, and behaviors toward the attitude object. Interactions between these reactions arise through direct causal influences (e.g., the belief that snakes are dangerous causes fear of snakes) and mechanisms that support evaluative consistency between related contents of evaluative reactions (e.g., people tend to align their belief that snakes are useful with their belief that snakes help maintain ecological balance). In the CAN model, the structure of attitude networks conforms to a small-world structure: evaluative reactions that are similar to each other form tight clusters, which are connected by a sparser set of ÒshortcutsÓ between them. We argue that the CAN model provides a realistic formalized measurement model of attitudes and therefore fills a crucial gap in the attitude literature. Furthermore, the CAN model provides testable predictions for the structure of attitudes and how they develop, remain stable, and change over time. Attitude strength is conceptualized in terms of the connectivity of attitude networks and we show that this provides a parsimonious account of the differences between strong and weak attitudes. We discuss the CAN model in relation to possible extensions, implication for the assessment of attitudes, and possibilities for further study. Key words: Network models, attitudes, tripartite model, connectionism, small-world consistency , recent connectionist modeling of attitudes (Monroe & Read, 2008) and recent advancements in applying network theory in psychology (e.g., Cramer, Waldorp, van der Maas, & Borsboom, 2010; for excellent discussions of the relevance of network analysis to the social sciences in general and psychology in particular see Borgatti, Mehra, Brass, & Labianca, 2009; Westaby, Pfaff, & Redding, 2014) to derive a set of requirements for a CAUSAL ATTITUDE NETWORK MODEL 6 realistic formalized measurement model of attitudes. Third, based on these requirements we develop the CAN model and discuss the proposed small-world structure of attitudes that underlies it. Fourth, we discuss the CAN modelÕs perspective on attitude formation and structure, attitude stability and change, and attitude strength. Fifth, we discuss possible extensions of the CAN model, the modelÕs implications for the assessment of attitudes, and some possible avenues for further study of the CAN model.

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“…Some research, however, has suggested that implicit positivity is associated with positive health and well‐being outcomes in the workplace. For example, measures of broad positivity towards neutral objects and situations have been shown to positively relate to both life and job satisfaction (Eschleman, Bowling, & Judge, ). Moreover, assessments of positive mindset using person‐perception approaches have shown that having a positive mindset is associated with higher levels of organisational satisfaction, less cynicism, greater identification with their organisation, and more positive peer ratings of personality and popularity (Wood, Harms, & Vazire, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Projections and Health: An Initial Validation of the Implicit Psychological Capital Health Measure

Harms

Vanhove

Luthans³

2016

Applied Psychology

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In this set of studies, we conduct an initial validation of the Implicit Psychological Capital Questionnaire‐Health (IPCQ‐H), a short, easy to administer and score measure of psychological capital designed to reflect implicit schemas or cognitions surrounding one's health. The results of two studies demonstrate that the implicit measure of IPCQ‐H is correlated with an explicit PsyCap‐Health measure (PCQ‐H), but has very little construct overlap with measures of personality. Moreover, scores of the IPCQ‐H were stable over time. Study 2 documents the predictive validity of the IPCQ‐H with a number of physical and mental health outcomes. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

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The dispositional basis of attitudes: A replication and extension of Hepler and Albarracín (2013).

Cited by 14 publications

References 48 publications

Documenting individual differences in the propensity to hold attitudes with certainty.

Documenting individual differences in the propensity to hold attitudes with certainty.

Toward a formalized account of attitudes: The Causal Attitude Network (CAN) model.

Positive Projections and Health: An Initial Validation of the Implicit Psychological Capital Health Measure

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