The dissociation of blood pressure conditioned responses under erythroidine.

Abstract

in this fashion was made in order to facilitate motion picture recording of the pupillary conditioned responses, which are to be reported in a separate paper (7).

Nicotine does not produce state-dependent effects on learning in a Pavlovian appetitive goal tracking task with rats

“…This phenomenon once referred to as "dissociation" of learning or conditioned responding [16] has come to be more commonly called "state-dependent learning" or "state-dependent recall" [24,37]. An early and impressive example of this phenomenon was reported by Girden and Culler [15].…”

Curariform Activity and Chemical Structure.

“…The effective paralyzing action of the curare preparations, as was stated in the introduction, led to early clinical investigations for treatment of various muscle spasms and for relaxation of muscles during surgical operations (7,17,20,23,29,70,74,77,80,147,186), with promising results in some cases. The fact that the composition of various curare preparations was not uniform has caused unreproducible results in clinical applications.…”

“…Because of the effectiveness of /3-erythroidine and dihydro-/3-erythroidine and particularly because they are effective orally, they have been investigated clinically with some success as possible curare substitutes (17,19,28,33,37,70,71,72,73,77,79,81,82,148,184,185,221,222). The paralyzing action of /3-erythroidine is not as intense or prolonged as that of standardized curare preparations, but it has a greater margin of safety.…”

On the role of responses in Pavlovian acquisition.

“…An early, relatively large study by Harlow and Stagner (1933) failed to demonstrate CR acquisition when CS-US experiences were given to animals paralyzed by curare, seemingly supporting the notion that CR performance is necessary for acquisition. However, in a remarkable series of studies, Girden established the following: 1) under curare, muscular contractions can be produced, although they are minimal and often do not cause overt movements; 2) these contractions can be conditioned similarly to normal contractions; 3) contractions conditioned under curare disappear once the animal recovers, but reappear if it is again drugged (Girden, 1940(Girden, , 1942(Girden, , 1947Girden & Culler, 1937). Given these findings, Harlow and Stagner's (1933) failure came to be attributed to drugged animals performing different CRs than non-drugged animals, rather than no CRs, and the original question remained unsettled.…”