The dissociation of explicit and implicit memory in depressed patients

Bazin, Nadine; Perruchet, Pierre; Bonis, M. de; Féline, A.

doi:10.1017/s0033291700027008

Cited by 82 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…HCdependent recollection memory deficits are amongst the most reliably reported neuropsychological changes in patients with MDD (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), and these findings provide support for the hypothesis that the hippocampus is abnormal in MDD. An association between HC volume and global cognitive performance in elderly depressed subjects has been reported (14), and one study found an association between left HC gray-matter density and verbal recognition (4).…”

supporting

confidence: 53%

Course of illness, hippocampal function, and hippocampal volume in major depression

MacQueen

Campbell

McEwen

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

861

458

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Studies have examined hippocampal function and volume in depressed subjects, but none have systematically compared nevertreated first-episode patients with those who have had multiple episodes. We sought to compare hippocampal function, as assessed by performance on hippocampal-dependent recollection memory tests, and hippocampal volumes, as measured in a 1.5-T magnetic resonance imager, in depressed subjects experiencing a postpubertal onset of depression. Twenty never-treated depressed subjects in a first episode of depression were compared with matched healthy control subjects. Seventeen depressed subjects with multiple past episodes of depression were also compared with matched healthy controls and to the first-episode patients. Both first-and multiple-episode depressed groups had hippocampal dysfunction apparent on several tests of recollection memory; only depressed subjects with multiple depressive episodes had hippocampal volume reductions. Curve-fitting analysis revealed a significant logarithmic association between illness duration and hippocampal volume. Reductions in hippocampal volume may not antedate illness onset, but volume may decrease at the greatest rate in the early years after illness onset.

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supporting

confidence: 53%

Course of illness, hippocampal function, and hippocampal volume in major depression

MacQueen

Campbell

McEwen

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

861

458

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Peselow et al [27] demonstrated that patients with unipolar depression treated with imipramine for 4 weeks showed a significant improvement in all mnemonic measures in responders only. In addition, Calev et al [28] and Bazin et al [29] did not detect residual impairment on either explicit or implicit memory tasks upon recovery. However, while Trichard et al [30] evaluated executive task performance and reported an improved performance in verbal fluency after recovery from depression, their study did not observe an improved performance in Stroop task upon recovery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Cognitive Dysfunction in Recovered Depressive Patients with Silent Cerebral Infarction

et al. 2002

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In this study, we characterized cognitive functioning in patients with major depression and silent cerebral infarction (SCI), as detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), after they had recovered from depression. Thirty-five patients with unipolar depression who experienced the onset of depression after the age of 50 underwent MRI and were classified as SCI(+) (n = 17) or SCI(–) (n = 18). The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) and the Uchida-Kraepelin psychodiagnostic test were administered after the patients had recovered from depression. In addition, the intelligence quotient (IQ) and mental speed of the patients in the two groups were compared. The total, verbal and performance IQ scores, as determined by the WAIS-R, were significantly lower in the SCI(+) group than in the SCI(–) group. The mental speed of patients in the SCI(+) group, as assessed by the Uchida-Kraepelin psychodiagnostic test, was almost half that of the SCI(–) group. Our findings provide further evidence that a comprehensive impairment of cognitive functioning, especially a severe reduction in mental speed, remains after recovery from depression in patients with major depression and SCI.

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“…Regarding implicit memory, the picture seems more consistent. Referring to the unimpaired automatic processes in depression, many experiments yielded pursuant results finding no implicit memory impairment [e.g., Bazin et al, 1994;Denny and Hunt, 1992;Hertel and Milan, 1994].…”

Section: Memory Impairment In Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective memory and memory deficits in depressed inpatients

2003

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We investigated memory impairment and mood-congruent memory bias in depression, using an explicit memory test and an implicit one. Thirty-six severely depressed inpatients that fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder and 36 healthy controls matched for sex, age, and educational level participated in the study. Explicit memory was assessed with a free recall task and implicit memory with an anagram solution task. Results showed that depressed and controls differed in explicit memory performance, depending on the amount of cognitive distraction between incidental learning and testing. Implicit memory was not affected. In addition, severely depressed patients showed a mood-congruent memory bias in implicit memory but not in explicit memory. The complex pattern of results is discussed with regard to relevant theories of depression.

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The dissociation of explicit and implicit memory in depressed patients

Cited by 82 publications

References 44 publications

Course of illness, hippocampal function, and hippocampal volume in major depression

Course of illness, hippocampal function, and hippocampal volume in major depression

Cognitive Dysfunction in Recovered Depressive Patients with Silent Cerebral Infarction

Selective memory and memory deficits in depressed inpatients

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