The distribution and abundance of phototrophic ultraplankton in the North Atlantic1,2

Murphy, Lynda S.; Haugen, Elin M.

doi:10.4319/lo.1985.30.1.0047

Cited by 336 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These values are similar to those determined for picophytoplankton in other temperate marine systems (Douglas 1984;Murphy & Haugen 1985;E1 Hag&Fogg 1986;Glover etal. 1986).…”

supporting

confidence: 75%

Picophytoplankton in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand

Booth

S⊘ndergaard

1989

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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Qualitative and quantitative data for picophytoplankton from the Hauraki Gulf, northeast New Zealand, were gathered from May 1986 to February 1987. Records for both whole and sizefractionated samples (net-, nano-, and picophytoplankton) allowed the relative contribution by the picophytoplankton to total biomass and overall rates of carbon fixation to be estimated. Picophytoplankton represented a mean value of over 30% of the total chlorophyll a in winter and c. 20% in other seasons. In terms of total carbon fixation, values of 23% and 13% contribution were obtained. The picophytoplankton were composed of chroococcoid cyanobacterial cells, 0.7-1.2 µm in diameter, at densities between 10 3 and 10 4 ml -1 together with larger (1-2 µm) eukaryote cells at densities up to 10 3 ml -1 . Winter counts were lower than those for summer. Cyanobacteria displayed subsurface peak densities higher in the water column than the eukaryotes. The cyanobacterial cells at depth tended to be larger and more brightly fluorescing than those in the surface waters.

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“…These values are similar to those determined for picophytoplankton in other temperate marine systems (Douglas 1984;Murphy & Haugen 1985;E1 Hag&Fogg 1986;Glover etal. 1986).…”

supporting

confidence: 75%

Picophytoplankton in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand

Booth

S⊘ndergaard

1989

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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“…Distinct subsurlace maxima in cell concentrations were observed in only 36 of 8 1 profiles examined; they occurred between 0 and 90 m, and both uniform cell distributions and subsurface maxima occurred at both open-ocean and coastal stations. Depths of those subsurface maxima present were not related to Z, as found by Murphy and Haugen (1985), nor were they related to ZN. As observed by Li and Wood ( 19 8 8) subsurface Synechococcus maxima were consistently more shallow than the Z,-, but the two were not Cgnificantly correlated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Often they are more abundant numerically than the total eucaryotic phytoplankton, and estimates of the contribution of Synechococcus to primary production range from a few percent to more than half of the total for a water 45 column (Waterbury et al 1986;Glover et al 1986;Glover 1985;Iturriaga and Marra 1988). Small eucaryotes, including chlorophytes, prasinophytes, and eustigmatophytes, have recently been noted by several workers (Johnson and Sieburth 1982;Stockner and Antia 1986;Murphy and Haugen 1985), but their role has been less well studied, perhaps because they are very difficult to isolate and identify. Recently, even prochlorophyte picoplankton have been shown to be very abundant in the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Chisholm et al 1988;Li and Wood 1988).…”

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confidence: 99%

Pigments, size, and distributions of Synechococcus in the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

et al. 1990

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Dual-beam flow cytometry was used to analyze the distribution and optical characteristics of Synechococcus in the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The depth range over which Synechococcus cells were abundant was related to the depth of the nitrite maximum and the chlorophyll maximum, but was not significantly correlated with the depth of the surface isothermal layer. Dual-beam analysis of chromophore pigment types revealed that the majority of the populations were of the high-urobilin type; low-urobilin types, similar to the isolate WH7803, were found only in coastal waters where they almost always co-occurred with high-urobilin strains.Phycoerythrin fluorescence intensity per cell increased dramatically with depth in the lower euphotic zone at all stations; at some open-ocean stations, very deep cells were as much as 100 times brighter than those at the surface. The maximal fluorescence intensity per cell was about the same at the coastal and oceanic stations, and the depth of maximal fluorescence was closely related to the depth of the nitrite maximum. At most stations, fluorescence per cell was constant throughout the mixed layer, but at some open-ocean stations it decreased continuously to the surface. The latter pattern suggests that mixing rates in these areas are slow relative to the abilities of the cells to photoacclimate. A distinct diel pattern in forward-angle light scatter was observed in cells in the mixed layer over vast regions, which we hypothesize to be coupled to growth of the cells during daylight hours.

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“…It has been known that the abundance of picocyanobacteria decreases with increasing latitude and decreasing water temperature (Murphy and Haugen 1985;Olson et al, 1990a, b). In this study, we also observed a clear shift of picocyanobacterial community structure with increasing latitude or decreasing water temperature in the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea (Figure 4c).…”

Section: Novel Lineages Of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus S Huang mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel lineages of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus in the global oceans

et al. 2011

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Picocyanobacteria represented by Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus have an important role in oceanic carbon fixation and nutrient cycling. In this study, we compared the community composition of picocyanobacteria from diverse marine ecosystems ranging from estuary to open oceans, tropical to polar oceans and surface to deep water, based on the sequences of 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS). A total of 1339 ITS sequences recovered from 20 samples unveiled diverse and several previously unknown clades of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. Six high-light (HL)-adapted Prochlorococcus clades were identified, among which clade HLVI had not been described previously. Prochlorococcus clades HLIII, HLIV and HLV, detected in the Equatorial Pacific samples, could be related to the HNLC clades recently found in the high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC), iron-depleted tropical oceans. At least four novel Synechococcus clades (out of six clades in total) in subcluster 5.3 were found in subtropical open oceans and the South China Sea. A niche partitioning with depth was observed in the Synechococcus subcluster 5.3. Members of Synechococcus subcluster 5.2 were dominant in the high-latitude waters (northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea), suggesting a possible cold-adaptation of some marine Synechococcus in this subcluster. A distinct shift of the picocyanobacterial community was observed from the Bering Sea to the Chukchi Sea, which reflected the change of water temperature. Our study demonstrates that oceanic systems contain a large pool of diverse picocyanobacteria, and further suggest that new genotypes or ecotypes of picocyanobacteria will continue to emerge, as microbial consortia are explored with advanced sequencing technology.

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The distribution and abundance of phototrophic ultraplankton in the North Atlantic1,2

Cited by 336 publications

References 18 publications

Picophytoplankton in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand

Picophytoplankton in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand

Pigments, size, and distributions of Synechococcus in the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

Novel lineages of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus in the global oceans

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