The distribution and biosynthesis of arachidonic acid in algae

Nichols, B.W.; Appleby, Robert S.

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)88075-9

Cited by 135 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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confidence: 94%

“…We have further suggested (Qi et al, 2002(Qi et al, , 2003 that the IgASE1 elongating activity is the first committed step in VLCPUFA synthesis and hence AA, EPA, and DHA formation via the so-called v3 D8 and v6 D8 pathways, respectively ( Fig. 1; Nichols and Appleby, 1969).Here we report the constitutive expression of IgASEI in Arabidopsis in order to assess (1) glycerolipid synthesis with VLCPUFAs and its effect on plant morphology; and (2) whether the introduction of such novel fatty acids can help in the further understanding of so-called prokaryotic/eukaryotic lipid partitioning in higher plants (for reviews, see Somerville and Browse, 1991;Maréchal et al, 1997;Wallis and Browse, 2002). …”

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confidence: 96%

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Expression of the Isochrysis C18-Δ9 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Specific Elongase Component Alters Arabidopsis Glycerolipid Profiles

Fraser

Elhussein

et al. 2004

Plant Physiology

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A cDNA isolated from the prymnesiophyte micro-alga Isochrysis galbana, designated IgASE1, encodes a fatty acid elongating component that is specific for linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) and a-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3). Constitutive expression of IgASE1 in Arabidopsis resulted in the accumulation of eicosadienoic acid (EDA; C20:2n-6) and eicosatrienoic acid (ETrA; C20:3n-3) in all tissues examined, with no visible effects on plant morphology. Positional analysis of the various lipid classes indicated that these novel fatty acids were largely excluded from the sn-2 position of chloroplast galactolipids and seed triacylglycerol, whereas they were enriched in the same position in phosphatidylcholine. EDA and ETrA are precursors of arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3) synthesized via the so-called v6 D8 desaturase and v3 D8 desaturase biosynthetic pathways, respectively. The synthesis of significant quantities of EDA and ETrA in a higher plant is therefore a key step in the production of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in oil-seed species. The results are further discussed in terms of prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathways of lipid synthesis in plants.The very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs), arachidonic acid (AA; C20:4n-6), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n-3) are considered to have profound effects on cell function and development. The reduction in nonfatal and fatal cardiovascular events that is associated with the consumption of EPA and DHA may be due to the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques (Thies et al., 2003). AA and DHA are considered to be important in pre-and postnatal development (Crawford, 2000; for review, see Lauritzen et al., 2001). Such VLCPUFAs are also precursors of the physiologically active prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. No higher plants contain these fatty acids and hence it is considered desirable to genetically engineer the capacity to synthesize them in oilseed species and so provide an important source for the nutraceutical/pharmaceutical industries.Isochrysis galbana is a marine microalga that is rich in DHA and EPA (Lopez et al., 1994). Recently we isolated and characterized a cDNA from I. galbana, which encodes a novel fatty acid elongase component designated IgASE1 (Qi et al., 2002(Qi et al., , 2003. Transgenic yeastexpressing IgASE1 converted linoleic acid (LA; C18:2n-6) and a-linolenic acid (ALA; C18:3n-3) to eicosadienoic acid (EDA; C20:2n-6) and eicosatrienoic acid (ETrA; C20:3n-3), respectively (Qi et al., 2002). The substrate specificity of IgASE1 is consistent with it catalyzing the condensation reaction of fatty acid elongation (Qi et al., 2003). We have further suggested (Qi et al., 2002(Qi et al., , 2003 that the IgASE1 elongating activity is the first committed step in VLCPUFA synthesis and hence AA, EPA, and DHA formation via the so-called v3 D8 and v6 D8 pathways, respectively ( Fig. 1; Nichols and Appleby, 1969).Here we report the...

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confidence: 94%

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confidence: 96%

Expression of the Isochrysis C18-Δ9 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Specific Elongase Component Alters Arabidopsis Glycerolipid Profiles

Fraser

Elhussein

et al. 2004

Plant Physiology

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“…Since molybdenum blue [11] and anthrone reagent [12] gave no reaction, both phosphorus and sugar are absent from lipid X unlike in known major lipids of green plants. However properties are very similar to lipid A detected in Ochromonas danica [3] and later shown to be 1 (3),2-diacylglyceryl-(3)-O-4'-(N,N,N-trime thyl) homoserine (DGTS) [4]. The aim of the work presented here was to demonstrate the identity of lipid A from Ochromonas and lipid X from Chlamydomonas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Occurrence of 1(3),2‐diacylglyceryl‐(3)‐04′‐(N,N,N‐trimethyl)‐homoserine in Chlamydomonas reinhardi

Eichenberger

Boschetti

1978

FEBS Letters

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“…Comparing our fillet FA data to those in the litearature from carps fed natural The marked presence of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in the FA profile of the intestinal content refers to animal or algal feed components [20]. Since recognized animal remains were rare in the intestine (personal observation), it is likely that in Lake Hévíz fish ingest and utilize the microflora growing on the decomposing macrophyte remains in the lake sediment (based on the experienced crystalline material in the mortars during extraction).…”

Section: Comparison To Literature Datamentioning

confidence: 90%

A note on the special fillet fatty acid composition of the dwarf carp(cyprinus carpio carpio)living in thermal Lake Hévíz, Hungary

Varga¹,

Müller²,

Specziár³

et al. 2013

Acta Biologica Hungarica

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The distribution and biosynthesis of arachidonic acid in algae

Cited by 135 publications

References 19 publications

Expression of the Isochrysis C18-Δ9 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Specific Elongase Component Alters Arabidopsis Glycerolipid Profiles

Expression of the Isochrysis C18-Δ9 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Specific Elongase Component Alters Arabidopsis Glycerolipid Profiles

Occurrence of 1(3),2‐diacylglyceryl‐(3)‐04′‐(N,N,N‐trimethyl)‐homoserine in Chlamydomonas reinhardi

A note on the special fillet fatty acid composition of the dwarf carp(cyprinus carpio carpio)living in thermal Lake Hévíz, Hungary

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