The distribution of 45S rDNA sites in bird chromosomes suggests multiple evolutionary histories

Degrandi, Tiago Marafiga; Gunski, Ricardo José; Garnero, Analía Del Valle; Oliveira, Edivaldo Herculano Corrêa de; Kretschmer, Rafael; Souza, Marcelo Santos de; Barcellos, Suziane Alves; Hass, Iris

doi:10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0331

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Both species preserved a single pair of microchromosomes carrying ribosomal clusters, corroborating Degrandi et al [54]. In fact, most birds species show only one microchromosomal pair bearing the 18S rDNA sequence, including the Palaeognathae, such as the Ostrich (Struthioniformes) and the Rhea (Rheiformes), considered more basal in avian phylogeny [17,55], and also most Neognathae birds, such as the Chicken (Gallus gallus, Galliformes), some Doves and Pigeons (Columbiformes), and the Great Kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus, Passeriformes) [54,[56][57][58]. Interestingly, the 18S rDNA clusters are associated with the microsatellite sequence (CGG) 10 in the Common Potoo and the Scissor-tailed Nightjar (Figures 4B and 5C).…”

Section: Chromosomal Divergences Between Common Potoo and Scissor-taisupporting

confidence: 88%

Repeat Sequence Mapping Shows Different W Chromosome Evolutionary Pathways in Two Caprimulgiformes Families

Souza

Kretschmer

Barcellos

et al. 2020

Birds

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Although birds belonging to order Caprimulgiformes show extensive karyotype variation, data concerning their genomic organization is still scarce, as most studies have presented only results obtained from conventional staining analyses. Nevertheless, some interesting findings have been observed, such as the W chromosome of the Common Potoo, Nyctibius griseus (2n = 86), which has the same morphology and size of the Z chromosome, a rare feature in Neognathae birds. Hence, we aimed to investigate the process by which the W chromosome of this species was enlarged. For that, we analyzed comparatively the chromosome organization of the Common Potoo and the Scissor-tailed Nightjar, Hydropsalis torquata (2n = 74), which presents the regular differentiated sex chromosomes, by applying C-banding, G-banding and mapping of repetitive DNAs (microsatellite repeats and 18S rDNA). Our results showed an accumulation of constitutive heterochromatin in the W chromosome of both species. However, 9 out of 11 microsatellite sequences hybridized in the large W chromosome in the Common Potoo, while none of them hybridized in the W chromosome of the Scissor-tailed Nightjar. Therefore, we can conclude that the accumulation of microsatellite sequences, and consequent increase in constitutive heterochromatin, was responsible for the enlargement of the W chromosome in the Common Potoo. Based on these results, we conclude that even though these two species belong to the same order, their W chromosomes have gone through different evolutionary histories, with an extra step of accumulation of repetitive sequences in the Common Potoo.

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Section: Chromosomal Divergences Between Common Potoo and Scissor-taisupporting

confidence: 88%

Repeat Sequence Mapping Shows Different W Chromosome Evolutionary Pathways in Two Caprimulgiformes Families

Souza

Kretschmer

Barcellos

et al. 2020

Birds

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“…Animals often show variability in the chromosomal position and the amount of accumulation of rDNA loci among and within species, e.g. [ 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 ]. The rDNA loci were detected only in one pair of chromosomes in most of the studied anguimorphan species, but their topology varies from a pair of microchromosomes in four species ( Barisia rudicollis , Gerrhonotus liocephalus , Xenosaurus platyceps , Xenosaurus rectocollaris ) to a pair of macrochromosomes in the remaining studied species ( Figure 8 and Figure 9 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetic Evidence for Sex Chromosomes and Karyotype Evolution in Anguimorphan Lizards

Augstenová

Pensabene

Kratochvíl

et al. 2021

Cells

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Anguimorphan lizards are a morphologically variable group of squamate reptiles with a wide geographical distribution. In spite of their importance, they have been cytogenetically understudied. Here, we present the results of the cytogenetic examination of 23 species from five anguimorphan families (Anguidae, Helodermatidae, Shinisauridae, Varanidae and Xenosauridae). We applied both conventional (Giemsa staining and C-banding) and molecular cytogenetic methods (fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes for the telomeric motifs and rDNA loci, comparative genome hybridization), intending to describe the karyotypes of previously unstudied species, to uncover the sex determination mode, and to reveal the distribution of variability in cytogenetic characteristics among anguimorphan lizards. We documented that karyotypes are generally quite variable across anguimorphan lineages, with anguids being the most varying. However, the derived chromosome number of 2n = 40 exhibits a notable long-term evolutionary stasis in monitors. Differentiated ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes were documented in monitors and helodermatids, as well as in the anguids Abronia lythrochila, and preliminary also in Celestus warreni and Gerrhonotus liocephalus. Several other anguimorphan species have likely poorly differentiated sex chromosomes, which cannot be detected by the applied cytogenetic methods, although the presence of environmental sex determination cannot be excluded. In addition, we uncovered a rare case of spontaneous triploidy in a fully grown Varanus primordius.

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“…cayana and G . guira [ 36 ], this single pair is a macrochromosome, not homologous to the one observed in C . ani and Coccyzus melacoryphus , which in turn bears 18S rDNA sites in two microchromosomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal Analysis in Crotophaga ani (Aves, Cuculiformes) Reveals Extensive Genomic Reorganization and an Unusual Z-Autosome Robertsonian Translocation

Kretschmer

Gunski

Garnero

et al. 2020

Cells

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Although cytogenetics studies in cuckoos (Aves, Cuculiformes) have demonstrated an interesting karyotype variation, such as variations in the chromosome morphology and diploid number, their chromosome organization and evolution, and relation with other birds are poorly understood. Hence, we combined conventional and molecular cytogenetic approaches to investigate chromosome homologies between chicken and the smooth-billed ani (Crotophaga ani). Our results demonstrate extensive chromosome reorganization in C. ani, with interchromosomal rearrangements involving macro and microchromosomes. Intrachromosomal rearrangements were observed in some macrochromosomes, including the Z chromosome. The most evolutionary notable finding was a Robertsonian translocation between the microchromosome 17 and the Z chromosome, a rare event in birds. Additionally, the simple short repeats (SSRs) tested here were preferentially accumulated in the microchromosomes and in the Z and W chromosomes, showing no relationship with the constitutive heterochromatin regions, except in the W chromosome. Taken together, our results suggest that the avian sex chromosome is more complex than previously postulated and revealed the role of microchromosomes in the avian sex chromosome evolution, especially cuckoos.

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The distribution of 45S rDNA sites in bird chromosomes suggests multiple evolutionary histories

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

Repeat Sequence Mapping Shows Different W Chromosome Evolutionary Pathways in Two Caprimulgiformes Families

Repeat Sequence Mapping Shows Different W Chromosome Evolutionary Pathways in Two Caprimulgiformes Families

Cytogenetic Evidence for Sex Chromosomes and Karyotype Evolution in Anguimorphan Lizards

Chromosomal Analysis in Crotophaga ani (Aves, Cuculiformes) Reveals Extensive Genomic Reorganization and an Unusual Z-Autosome Robertsonian Translocation

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