The Distribution of Catecholamines in Vertebrates

Holzbauer, Margarethe; Sharman, D. F.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65249-3_5

Cited by 59 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 263 publications

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“…Dopamine is not only found within the lungs of many species, but its levels are unusually high. In the human, but not in every species, concentrations are above those in the adrenal glands, and in lungs of adult guinea-pigs they are greater than those of noradrenaline (Holzbauer & Sharman, 1972). In adult sheep, the lungs and caudate nucleus show the highest concentrations of many tissues studied; both have similar values, close to 10 ìg (g fresh tissue)¢ (Juorio & Chedrese, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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The effect of dopamine on lung liquid production by in vitro lungs from fetal guinea‐pigs

Chua

Perks

1998

The Journal of Physiology

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During gestation, fetal lungs produce large quantities of fluid which contribute substantially to the amniotic fluid, particularly in the guinea-pig, where production rates appear to be higher than those for urine (Strang, 1991;Perks et al. 1992). This production is based on a Na¤-K¤-2Cl¦ cotransport system, probably located in type II cells (Strang, 1991). However, at birth it is vital for this process to be replaced by fluid reabsorption, and it is generally agreed that this is brought about by an amiloride-sensitive, Na¤-based transport system, probably augmented by colloid osmotic effects (Strang, 1991). The first agent shown to activate fluid reabsorption was adrenaline (sheep: Walters & Olver, 1978; goat: Perks & Cassin, 1989). However, in the guinea-pig, reabsorption can be produced by both adrenaline and noradrenaline, which, unlike the â_receptor activation in sheep, act through Journal of Physiology (1998), 513.1, pp. 283-294 283The effect of dopamine on lung liquid production by in vitro lungs from fetal guinea-pigs 1. The neuroendocrine system of the lungs has no clear function. However, previous studies of one of its products, somatostatin, have implicated it in lung liquid removal at birth. The present study extends this concept by investigating the effects of dopamine, a major product of this system, on lung liquid reabsorption. 2. The effects of dopamine on fetal lung liquid production and reabsorption were tested on in vitro lungs from fetal guinea-pigs of 60 ± 2 days of gestation (term = 67 days). Dopamine was placed in the outer bathing saline during the middle hour of 3 h incubations. Fluid movements across the pulmonary epithelium were monitored by a dye dilution method, and changes in rates over 1 h intervals were tested for significance by analysis of variance and regression analysis. 3. Dopamine was able to reduce fluid production or cause reabsorption (based on 42 preparations). Control preparations and those given 10¦Ì Ò dopamine showed no significant changes; those given higher concentrations showed significant reductions in production or reabsorption (P < 0·025 to P < 0·0005), according to dose (42·6 ± 10·8 % reduction at 10¦Ê Ò; 75·4 ± 5·9 % reduction at 10¦É Ò; 92·1 ± 7·0 % reduction at 10¦Ç Ò and 121·4 ± 12·8 % (reabsorption) at 10¦AE Ò dopamine). The linear log dose-response curve (r = 0·99) showed a theoretical threshold at 1·7 ² 10¦Í Ò dopamine. 4. Effects were mediated through specific dopamine receptors (based on 78 preparations).Dopamine at 10¦É Ò was tested together with each of three dopamine receptor antagonists at 10¦Ç Ò. The general dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol and the more specific Dµ receptor blocker domperidone both abolished responses, but the D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 was without effect. This suggested that Dµ dopamine receptors mediated the responses, and that responses were not due to conversion of dopamine to adrenaline or noradrenaline. 5. There was no evidence that responses involved amiloride-sensitive Na¤ transport (based on 54 preparat...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In adult sheep, it only represents about 2% of the catecholamines in the adrenal medulla (Holzbauer & Sharman, 1972). However, it does enter the blood, and reaches average plasma levels of (1·2 ± 0·3) ² 10¦Í Ò (means ± s.d.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of dopamine on lung liquid production by in vitro lungs from fetal guinea‐pigs

Chua

Perks

1998

The Journal of Physiology

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“…It has been shown that both noradrenaline and adrenaline are present in the brain and peripheral tissues of chicks and chickens (review by Holzbauer & Sharman, 1972). The concentrations of adrenaline found in these tissues are higher than in the corresponding tissues of mammals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Noradrenaline and Adrenaline as Sympathetic Transmitters in the Chicken

DeSANTIS¹,

Längsfeld²,

Lindmar³

et al. 1975

British J Pharmacology

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I The concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline in various organs, arterial plasma and venous outflow from isolated hearts of adult chickens have been determined. 2 The relative adrenaline concentrations (percentage of the sum of noradrenaline and adrenaline) in the heart (33%), spleen (16%) and brain (26%) were higher than those found in mammalian organs. Chemical sympathectomy by pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine caused a decrease of the noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations in the heart to 20 and 23% and in the spleen to 16 and 29%, respectively. 3 Stimulation of the right sympathetic nerves, infusion of tyramine or infusion of a modified Tyrode solution containing 108 mM K+ and 44 mM Na+ caused an output of both noradrenaline and adrenaline into the perfusate of isolated hearts. The relative adrenaline concentration in the perfusate (20-28%) was not significantly different from the relative adrenaline concentration remaining in these hearts (19-22%). In the individual experiments, the noradrenaline: adrenaline ratios of the stimulation perfusates were positively correlated with the ratios found in the hearts. 4 The effects of noradrenaline and adrenaline on cardiac rate and tension development were studied in spontaneously beating right atria and electrically driven left atria, respectively. In addition, the arterial pressure rise in response to noradrenaline or adrenaline was measured in chickens. It was found that the cardio-vascular potency of noradrenaline, as reflected by the increases in heart rate, cardiac tension development and arterial blood pressure, was not significantly different from that of adrenaline. 5 It is concluded that, in the chicken heart and spleen, both noradrenaline and adrenaline act as sympathetic neurotransmitters.

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“…82 A very particular newly recognised form of DA discharge from autonomously secreting cells are DA surges in mastocytosis occasionally suspected of pheochromocytoma because of blood pressure instability. Mastocytes are known to contain DA 83 and mastocyte-like pulmonary cells were found to contain mRNA for tyrosine hydroxylase 2 the crucial enzyme in autocrine-paracrine DA synthesis. When comparing baseline and blood pressure swings-associated episodic concentrations of catecholamines and DA sulfate, several-fold DA sulfate (unlike free DA) increases were observed during these episodes.…”

Section: Dopamine In Secondary Hypertension and Associated Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral dopamine in hypertension and associated conditions

Küchel

1999

J Hum Hypertens

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The purpose of this study is to review the role of dopamine in hypertension and associated conditions. The analysis of literature indicates that present knowledge is mostly based on poor markers and indirect evidence of dopaminergic activity and only few molecular biological data. Alternative markers such as plasma dopamine sulfate emerge as a possible substitute for the low plasma free dopamine detectability, one of the main obstacles in understanding the relationship between circulating dopamine and its receptor actions in hypertension. Essential hypertension represents a heterogeneous entity: based on evidence in borderline and non-modulating hypertension, the tubular dopamine receptor defect may be compensated by increased dopamine synthesis (dopamine ␤-hydroxylase suppression-mediated?) and release; alternatively, compatible with data in stable, salt-sensitive and low renin-

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The Distribution of Catecholamines in Vertebrates

Cited by 59 publications

References 263 publications

The effect of dopamine on lung liquid production by in vitro lungs from fetal guinea‐pigs

The effect of dopamine on lung liquid production by in vitro lungs from fetal guinea‐pigs

Evidence for Noradrenaline and Adrenaline as Sympathetic Transmitters in the Chicken

Peripheral dopamine in hypertension and associated conditions

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