1988
DOI: 10.1007/bf00304735
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The distribution of hypoglossal motoneurons in the dog, rabbit and rat

Abstract: The distribution of motoneurons innervating the extrinsic tongue muscles was studied in the dog, rabbit and rat using the horseradish peroxidase technique. In these mammals, hypoglossal motoneurons were clustered in roughly ventral (or medial) and dorsal (or lateral) groups. Axons of hypoglossal motoneurons in the ventral (or medial) group passed via the medial branch of the hypoglossal nerve, and those in the dorsal (or lateral) group by way of the lateral branch of the hypoglossal nerve. Motoneurons supplyin… Show more

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Cited by 76 publications
(55 citation statements)
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“…However, hypoglossal motoneurons can be clustered into a ventral and a dorsal group, giving rise to the main medial and the main lateral branch of the hypoglossal nerve, respectively (Uemura- Sumi et al, 1988). The dorsal subnucleus is only present in the rostral two-thirds of the XII, whereas in the caudal one-third, only the ventral subnucleus is present (Krammer et al, 1979).…”
Section: Trigeminohypoglossal Projectionsmentioning
confidence: 98%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…However, hypoglossal motoneurons can be clustered into a ventral and a dorsal group, giving rise to the main medial and the main lateral branch of the hypoglossal nerve, respectively (Uemura- Sumi et al, 1988). The dorsal subnucleus is only present in the rostral two-thirds of the XII, whereas in the caudal one-third, only the ventral subnucleus is present (Krammer et al, 1979).…”
Section: Trigeminohypoglossal Projectionsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Stimulation of the medial or lateral branch induces tongue protrusion or retraction, respectively (Lewis et al, 1971). In the XII, the motoneurons innervating retractor muscles of the tongue lie dorsally, whereas those in the ventral and ventrolateral regions innervate protruder muscles (Lewis et al, 1971;Krammer et al, 1979;Uemura-Sumi et al, 1988;Dobbins and Feldman, 1995). The facial nerve is divided into several branches innervating various muscles of the face and head.…”
mentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Anatomically, the tongue should be supplied symmetrically by the somatic innervation to perform lingual movement skillfully and voluntarily [Krammer et al, 1979;Uemura-Sumi et al, 1988]. It is speculated that the greater distribution of unmyelinated fi bers in the left hypoglossal nerve may be related to a possible functional dominance of the left SCG.…”
Section: Bilateral Asymmetry Of Unmyelinated Fibers In the Hypoglossamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, the muscle fibers of the tongue's extrinsic muscles are almost exclusively fast-contracting and mainly fatigue-resistant. 17,24,32,34 Although the cell population of the hypoglossal nucleus is composed of both intrinsic and extrinsic (for tongue shaping and positioning, respectively) muscle motoneurons, 2,21,37 the membrane properties (e.g., input resistance) of hypoglossal motoneurons appear to be relatively homogeneous. 27,38 However, the retractor and protrusor compartments of the hypoglossal nucleus may be characterized by different inputs and neurotransmitters.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%