The distribution of the proteoglycan FORSE‐1 in the developing mouse central nervous system

Abstract

Glycosylation is a major post‐translational modification in which a carbohydrate known as a glycan is enzymatically attached to target proteins which regulate protein folding and stability. Glycans are strongly expressed in the developing nervous system where they play multiple roles during development. The importance of these glycan epitopes in neural development is highlighted by a group of conditions known as congenital disorders of glycosylation which lead to psychomotor difficulties, mental retardation, lissencephaly, microencephaly and epilepsy. One of these glycan epitopes, known as Lewis X, is recognised by the FORSE‐1 antibody and is regionally expressed in the developing nervous system. In this study, we report the regional and temporal expression patterns of FORSE‐1 immunolabelling during the periods of neurogenesis, gliogenesis and axonogenesis in developing mouse nervous system. We demonstrate the localisation of FORSE‐1 on subsets of neuroepithelial cells and radial glial cells, and in compartments corresponding to axon tract formation. These spatial, temporal and regional expression patterns are suggestive of roles in the determination of different cell lineages and in the patterning of white matter during development, and help provide insights into the neuroanatomical regions affected by congenital disorders of glycosylation.

Neural Tissue Homeostasis and Repair Is Regulated via CS and DS Proteoglycan Motifs

“…LeX-substituted 286 kDa neuro-progenitor cell glycoprotein/PG Lewis-X, SSEA-1 or CD15, Galβ(1-4)Fucα(1-3)GlcNAc-R oligosaccharide epitopes in FORSE-1 have roles in embryonic neural development Gooi et al, 1981;Hakomori et al, 1981;Allendoerfer et al, 1995Allendoerfer et al, , 1999Kelly et al, 2019 of Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Morawski et al, 2012), cortical regions with abundant levels of ECM CS-PGs are less affected by degenerative features associated with the development of AD (Bruckner et al, 1999). PNNs also have important roles to play in Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorder (Berretta, 2012;Mauney et al, 2013).…”

“…FORSE-1 contains LeX-carbohydrate, stage specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1) or CD15, terminal Galβ(1-4)Fucα(1-3)GlcNAc-R oligosaccharide epitopes with roles in embryonic neural development (Allendoerfer et al, 1995(Allendoerfer et al, , 1999Kelly et al, 2019).…”