The dopamine theory of addiction: 40 years of highs and lows

Nutt, David; Lingford-Hughes, Anne; Erritzoe, David; Stokes, Paul

doi:10.1038/nrn3939

Cited by 554 publications

(350 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…For psychostimulant drugs, learning drug reward associations is largely dependent on dopaminergic and glutamatergic signaling within the NAcore, whereas reinstatement is mostly driven by glutamate Koob and Volkow, 2010). However, it is important to note that additional neurochemical mechanisms are involved in drug reward associations and reinstatement of nonpsychostimulant drugs such as opiates and benzodiazepines (for review, see Badiani et al, 2011;Nutt et al, 2015).…”

Section: A Nucleus Accumbens Corementioning

confidence: 99%

The Nucleus Accumbens: Mechanisms of Addiction across Drug Classes Reflect the Importance of Glutamate Homeostasis

et al. 2016

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Section: A Nucleus Accumbens Corementioning

confidence: 99%

The Nucleus Accumbens: Mechanisms of Addiction across Drug Classes Reflect the Importance of Glutamate Homeostasis

et al. 2016

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“…Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is released from the neurons in the mesolimbic system and mediate emotions and pleasure (reviewed by Nutt et al 2015). It has been demonstrated that with food intake dopamine release is enhanced in the circuits that mediate the pleasurable aspects of the eating (Volkow et al 2011).…”

Section: Role Of the Reward Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central and peripheral control of food intake

Abdalla

2017

Endocrine Regulations

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Th e maintenance of the body weight at a stable level is a major determinant in keeping the higher animals and mammals survive. Th e body weight depends on the balance between the energy intake and energy expenditure. Increased food intake over the energy expenditure of prolonged time period results in an obesity. Th e obesity has become an important worldwide health problem, even at low levels. Th e obesity has an evil eff ect on the health and is associated with a shorter life expectancy. A complex of central and peripheral physiological signals is involved in the control of the food intake. Centrally, the food intake is controlled by the hypothalamus, the brainstem, and endocannabinoids and peripherally by the satiety and adiposity signals. Comprehension of the signals that control food intake and energy balance may open a new therapeutic approaches directed against the obesity and its associated complications, as is the insulin resistance and others. In conclusion, the present review summarizes the current knowledge about the complex system of the peripheral and central regulatory mechanisms of food intake and their potential therapeutic implications in the treatment of obesity. Th e maintenance of the body weight at a stable level is a major determinant in keeping the higher animals and mammals survive (Jequier and Tappy 1999). As a compensatory mechanism, hunger increases and energy expenditure decreases the weight loss. However, opposite responses are triggered when body weight increases. Body weight can change only when energy intake is not equal to energy expenditure over a given period of time (Bray et al. 2012). A complex physiological control system is involved in the maintenance of the energy balance. Th is system includes aff erent signals from the periphery about the state of the energy stores and eff erent signals that affect the energy intake and expenditure (Sandoval et al. 2008). Th is regulatory system is formed by multiple interactions between the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), adipose tissue, and the central nervous system (CNS). It is infl uenced by behavioral, sensorial, autonomic, nutritional, and endocrine mechanisms (Boguszewski et al. 2010). Satiety and adiposity signalsTh e food intake control includes a short-term regulation, which determines the beginning and the end of a meal (hunger and satiation) and the interval between the meals (satiety) and a long-term regulation with factors (signals of adiposity), which help to regulate the body energy depots (Cummings and Overduin 2007).Th e satiation means a suppression of the hunger and termination of the food intake aft er ingestion of Unauthenticated Download Date | 5/11/18 9:54 AM

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“…Thus, 5-HT signaling is most typically associated with mood, anxiety, aggression, and appetite, with 5-HT signaling dysregulation linked to disorders such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety disorders, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (for review, see Olivier, 2015). DA has received prominent attention for its role in circuits supporting reward, attention, and movement, with perturbed DA signaling associated with addiction, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease (Viggiano et al, 2004b;Segura-Aguilar et al, 2014;Howes et al, 2015;Nutt et al, 2015 ). NE plays a prominent role in arousal, attention, executive function, and stress responses (Harley, 2004;Viggiano et al, 2004a;Morilak et al, 2005), with disorders such as ADHD, posttraumatic stress disorder.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%