The draft genome of Tibetan hulless barley reveals adaptive patterns to the high stressful Tibetan Plateau

Zeng, Xingquan; Long, Hai; Wang, Zhuo; Zhao, Shancen; Tang, Yuling; Huang, Zhiyong; Wang, Yulin; Xu, Qijun; Mao, Likai; Deng, Guangbing; Yao, Xiaoming; Li, Xiangfeng; Bai, Lijun; Yuan, Hongjun; Pan, Zhifen; Liu, Renjian; Chen, Xin; Qimei, Wangmu; Chen, Ming; Yu, Lili; Liang, Jinsong; DunZhu, DaWa; Zheng, Yawen; Yu, Shuiyang; LuoBu, ZhaXi; Guang, Xuanmin; Li, Jiang; Deng, Cao; Hu, Wushu; Chen, Chunhai; Taba, Xiongnu; Gao, Liyun; Lv, Xiaodan; Ben-Abu, Yuval; Fang, Xiaodong; Nevo, Eviatar; Yu, Maoqun; Wang, Jun; Tashi, Nyima

doi:10.1073/pnas.1423628112

Cited by 150 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Hulless (naked) barleys in Tibetan Plateau are adapted to the highly stressful environment of these highlands (Zeng et al 2015) and have long been used as a staple human food. However, the origin of the naked phenotype of Tibetan barley has not been investigated and whether it originated from the same deletion of the nud locus or not is unknown.…”

Section: Shuiyang Yu and Hai Long Contributed Equally To This Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Nud Converts the Caryopsis Type of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)

Long

Deng

et al. 2015

Plant Mol Biol Rep

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Whether the caryopsis of barley is naked or covered is controlled by the Nud gene encoding an ethylene response factor (ERF) family transcription factor (TF) of the AP2/ERF TF superfamily that is involved in the lipid biosynthesis pathway. In covered barley, lipids on the surface of caryopses act as a glue for their tight adhesion with hulls. Separation of hulls in naked barley is due to the absence of surface lipids on caryopses. A natural deletion event of Nud was found to be the determinant of naked caryopsis and had been proposed as the monophyletic origin of domesticated naked barley. In the present study, we re-sequenced the nud locus in 162 barleys, comprising 79 covered and 83 naked barleys varieties. Besides the normal deletion mutation of Nud contributing to naked caryopsis, we found a novel allele of Nud, designated as nud1.g, distinctly in three naked barleys collected from Tibet. nud1.g contains a non-synonymous SNP T643A when compared with the functional Nud gene. Genetic analysis indicated that the SNP T643A of nud1.g co-segregates with the naked phenotype. The nud1.g gene was expressed normally in the three naked barleys. Furthermore, in silico prediction of functionally conserved sites and 3D structures showed that the amino acid substitution (valine to aspartate) caused by SNP T643A may lead to a dramatic structural alteration of NUD that may result in loss of function. This study provides evidence of a new origin of the naked phenotype of domesticated barley in Tibet.

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Section: Shuiyang Yu and Hai Long Contributed Equally To This Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Nud Converts the Caryopsis Type of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)

Long

Deng

et al. 2015

Plant Mol Biol Rep

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“…These are the results of variation of functional ingredients in grains and grass powder of less than 1,000 cultivated barley varieties. Genetic structure of 22,621 accessions of wild and domesticated 16 Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity barley in the genebank based on 171,263 SNP markers insights into the global population structure and redundancies and coverage gaps of domesticated barley [207]; However, 18,773 barley germplasm resources (2,585 wild barley) were preserved in the Chinese Crop Genebank. The detection of functional ingredients in grains and grass powder of more than 10,000 accessions barley gremplasm especially combinated with high-density SNP markers can not only reveal the molecular mechanism of functional ingredients and their molecular breeding and gene editing techniques but also make great contributions for improving human health by increasing functional ingredients in barley grains and grass powder.…”

Section: Countermeasures For Increasing Functionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hulless barley variety Zangqing 320 has a 4.84-Gb sequence with 46,787 genes in seven chromosomes [14]; three HvCslF genes take part in (1,3; 1,4)-β-glucan synthesis [15]. Qingke (hulless barley) is a major food for Tibetan people and an important livestock feed in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which has lots of gene family related to stress reactions [16], especially different antioxidant capacities due to some polysaccharide and phytochemical compositions [17]. Regular daily consumption of whole barley flour can prevent chronic diseases, especially diabetes, colonic cancer, hyperlipidemia, high blood pressure, and gallstones [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanism of Functional Ingredients in Barley to Combat Human Chronic Diseases

Zeng

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Barley plays an important role in health and civilization of human migration from Africa to Asia, later to Eurasia. We demonstrated the systematic mechanism of functional ingredients in barley to combat chronic diseases, based on PubMed, CNKI, and ISI Web of Science databases from 2004 to 2020. Barley and its extracts are rich in 30 ingredients to combat more than 20 chronic diseases, which include the 14 similar and 9 different chronic diseases between grains and grass, due to the major molecular mechanism of six functional ingredients of barley grass (GABA, flavonoids, SOD, K-Ca, vitamins, and tryptophan) and grains (β-glucans, polyphenols, arabinoxylan, phytosterols, tocols, and resistant starch). The antioxidant activity of barley grass and grain has the same and different functional components. These results support findings that barley grain and its grass are the best functional food, promoting ancient Babylonian and Egyptian civilizations, and further show the depending functional ingredients for diet from Pliocene hominids in Africa and Neanderthals in Europe to modern humans in the world. This review paper not only reveals the formation and action mechanism of barley diet overcoming human chronic diseases, but also provides scientific basis for the development of health products and drugs for the prevention and treatment of human chronic diseases.

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“…Hulless barley, an ancient cereal crop, is an important staple food for Tibetans in Qinghai-Tibet, where it experiences a wide range of climatic conditions (Sun et al 1999;Yin et al 2003;Zeng et al 2015). The particular adaptation of hulless barley to diverse environments makes it a unique resource for genetic research and crop improvement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early generation of nitric oxide contributes to copper tolerance through reducing oxidative stress and cell death in hulless barley roots

2016

J Plant Res

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The objective of this study was to investigate the specific role of nitric oxide (NO) in the early response of hulless barley roots to copper (Cu) stress. We used the fluorescent probe diaminofluorescein-FM diacetate to establish NO localization, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-special labeling and histochemical procedures for the detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the root apex. An early production of NO was observed in Cu-treated root tips of hulless barley, but the detection of NO levels was decreased by supplementation with a NO scavenger, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO). Application of sodium nitroprusside (a NO donor) relieved Cu-induced root inhibition, ROS accumulation and oxidative damage, while c-PTIO treatment had a synergistic effect with Cu and further enhanced ROS levels and oxidative stress. In addition, the Cu-dependent increase in activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase were further enhanced by exogenous NO, but application of c-PTIO decreased the activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in Cu-treated roots. Subsequently, cell death was observed in root tips and was identified as a type of programed cell death (PCD) by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. The addition of NO prevented the increase of cell death in root tips, whereas inhibiting NO accumulation further increased the number of cells undergoing PCD. These results revealed that NO production is an early response of hulless barley roots to Cu stress and that NO contributes to Cu tolerance in hulless barley possibly by modulating antioxidant defense, subsequently reducing oxidative stress and PCD in root tips.

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The draft genome of Tibetan hulless barley reveals adaptive patterns to the high stressful Tibetan Plateau

Cited by 150 publications

References 49 publications

A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Nud Converts the Caryopsis Type of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)

A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Nud Converts the Caryopsis Type of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)

Molecular Mechanism of Functional Ingredients in Barley to Combat Human Chronic Diseases

Early generation of nitric oxide contributes to copper tolerance through reducing oxidative stress and cell death in hulless barley roots

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