The drainage of Africa since the Cretaceous

Goudie, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.11.008

Cited by 239 publications

(164 citation statements)

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“…During the same period, the Congo basin did not experience significant vertical movement and possibly hosted a large lake at some stage (Peters and O"Brien, 1999;Lavier et al, 2001;Goudie, 2005;Guillocheau et al, 2015).…”

Section: Cenozoic Regional Geodynamic Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present study indicates that, in Central Africa, these deposits have subsequently been eroded, most likely during the first major uplift stage of the East African Plateau (Dome), during the Eocene-Oligocene (Ebinger et al, 1993;Wichura et al, 2010), leaving no traces of this major, possibly continent-wide, lateritization event in the Katanga plateau area. (Goudie, 2005;Gasse, 2006;Bonnefille, 2010). This appears to be mainly significant in terms of a lack of more recent recorded stages of Mn oxide accumulation, as the preceding upper Miocene to Pliocene wetter phase (Senut et al, 2009) may have presented more favourable conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The age of supergene manganese deposits in Katanga and its implications for the Neogene evolution of the African Great Lakes Region

Putter

Ruffet

Yans

et al. 2015

Ore Geology Reviews

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International audienceSupergene manganese deposits commonly contain K-rich Mn oxides with tunnel structure, such ascryptomelane, which are suitable for radiometric dating using the 39Ar–40Ar method. In Africa, Mn depositshave been dated by this method for localities in western and southern parts of the continent, whereas onlysome preliminary data are available for Central Africa. Herewe present new39Ar–40Ar ages for Mnoxide samplesof the Kisenge deposit, in southwestern Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The samples represent supergeneMn oxide deposits that formed at the expense of primary Paleoproterozoic rhodochrosite-dominatedcarbonate ores. Main phases of Mn oxide formation are dated at c. 10.5 Ma, 3.6 Ma and 2.6 Ma for a core thatcrosses a mineralized interval. The latter shows a decrease in age with increasing depth, recording downwardpenetration of a weathering front. Surface samples of the Kisenge deposits also record a ≥c.19.2 Ma phase, aswell as c. 15.7 Ma, 14.2 Ma and 13.6 Ma phases. The obtained ages correspond to distinct periods of paleosurfacedevelopment and stability during the Mio-Pliocene in Katanga. Because Katanga is a key area bordered to theNorth by the Congo Basin and to the East by the East African Rift System, these ages also provide constraintsfor the geodynamic evolution of the entire region. For the Mio-Pliocene, the Kisenge deposits record ages thatare not systematically found elsewhere in Africa, although the 10.5–11 Ma event corresponds to a roughly simultaneousevent in the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. The rest of the Katanga paleosurface record differssomewhat fromrecords for other parts of Africa, forwhich older, Eocene ages have been obtained. This differenceis most probably related to the specific regional geodynamic context: uplift of the East African Plateau, with associatederosion, and the opening of the East African Rift System at c. 25 Ma are events whose effects, in thestudy area, interfere with those of processes responsible for the development of continent-wide paleosurfaces

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Section: Cenozoic Regional Geodynamic Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The age of supergene manganese deposits in Katanga and its implications for the Neogene evolution of the African Great Lakes Region

Putter

Ruffet

Yans

et al. 2015

Ore Geology Reviews

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“…The east still represents the dominant flowing direction of the fluvial system in southern Africa today, with Mozambique, located downstream, receiving nine international rivers in its territory. Figure 5 is derived from the drainage reconstructions of Moore (1999), who based some of his deductions on early intuitions of Du Toit (1933) later confirmed by De Wit (1999), Moore and Larkin (2001) and Goudie (2005). It shows clearly that the palaeo-Limpopo River during the early Cretaceous period was by far the largest river of southern Africa, as it also included the southeastwards flowing Cuando, Okavango and upper Zambezi rivers as its main tributaries.…”

Section: Analysis Of the 2000 And 2013 Flood Events In The Lower Limpmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…As stated by Goudie (2005), a detailed and systematic understanding of the complex African drainage system still requires further investigation. This statement particularly applies to the southern African region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood analysis of the Limpopo River basin through past evolution reconstruction and a geomorphological approach

Spaliviero

Dapper

Maló

2014

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. This research reconstructs the past evolution of the Limpopo River, a transboundary system located in southeastern Africa, and describes its geomorphological settings through a literature review and field work activities, with the aim of analysing flood hazard in the basin. Major changes have occurred since the late Jurassic-early Cretaceous period due to successive tectonic events. The paper demonstrates that the apparently abandoned drainage conformation of the palaeo-Limpopo in the upper and middle stretches of the river today constitutes preferential flood-prone areas in the case of major rainfall events. An important palaeo-delta is identified in the lower Limpopo, which imposes a particular drainage pattern onto the floodplain in Mozambique and influences the flood dynamics at present. The adopted method is helpful in determining flood hazard in a data-scarce area showing complex fluvial dynamics, and allows for the identification of unsuitable locations for human settlements.

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“…Prior to the late Miocene-Pleistocene, the parts of the present-day Zambezi catchment area currently upstream of the Victoria Falls (Fig. 2), delivered sediment to the Limpopo further south (Goudie 2005). Apatite fission track analyses in northern Namibia show accelerated cooling periods during the Cretaceous, at ~70 Ma and 110-90 Ma, that postdate the rifting related to the opening of the Atlantic ocean (Brown et al 2014;Wildman et al 2016).…”

Section: Geological Setting and Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Cenozoic turbidite system to tectonic activity and sea-level change off the Zambezi Delta

2017

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The drainage of Africa since the Cretaceous

Cited by 239 publications

References 48 publications

The age of supergene manganese deposits in Katanga and its implications for the Neogene evolution of the African Great Lakes Region

The age of supergene manganese deposits in Katanga and its implications for the Neogene evolution of the African Great Lakes Region

Flood analysis of the Limpopo River basin through past evolution reconstruction and a geomorphological approach

Response of Cenozoic turbidite system to tectonic activity and sea-level change off the Zambezi Delta

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