“…Significant research is proceeding in parallel at ASTRON in the Netherlands [2], DRAO in Canada [8], and BYU and NRAO [9] in the USA in addition to this effort by CSIRO in Australia.…”
Section: Achieving Ska Survey Speedmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Other groups researching phased array feeds for radio astron- omy have focused on arrays of Vivaldi elements (ASTRON [2], [12] and DRAO [8]) and arrays of dipoles (BYU & NRAO [9]). …”
“…This maximises the ratio of beamformed signal from the 12 m to noise that is uncorrelated with the 64 m reference signal. In the absence of correlated noise or interference, LMS beamforming is equivalent to maximum signal-to-noise ratio (maxSNR) beamforming used by the radio astronomy phased array feed community [8], [9], [12].…”
Section: Interferometer Measurement Of /mentioning
Phased array feeds enable radio telescopes to make faster surveys with fewer antennas. This paper presents testing of a phased array feed prototype to verify design methods for array feeds of the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). We have tested a 5 × 4 port × 2 polarisation connected-chequerboard array at the prime focus of a 12 m diameter parabolic reflector. This prototype system currently achieves a system-temperature-onefficiency ratio / of 134 K at 1260 MHz and operates from 700 MHz to 1,800 MHz. The larger 94 port × 2 polarisation phased array feed being developed for ASKAP has a target / of 50 K. The time taken by a radio telescope to survey a fixed area of sky to a fixed sensitivity is proportional to ( / ) 2 .
“…Significant research is proceeding in parallel at ASTRON in the Netherlands [2], DRAO in Canada [8], and BYU and NRAO [9] in the USA in addition to this effort by CSIRO in Australia.…”
Section: Achieving Ska Survey Speedmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Other groups researching phased array feeds for radio astron- omy have focused on arrays of Vivaldi elements (ASTRON [2], [12] and DRAO [8]) and arrays of dipoles (BYU & NRAO [9]). …”
“…This maximises the ratio of beamformed signal from the 12 m to noise that is uncorrelated with the 64 m reference signal. In the absence of correlated noise or interference, LMS beamforming is equivalent to maximum signal-to-noise ratio (maxSNR) beamforming used by the radio astronomy phased array feed community [8], [9], [12].…”
Section: Interferometer Measurement Of /mentioning
Phased array feeds enable radio telescopes to make faster surveys with fewer antennas. This paper presents testing of a phased array feed prototype to verify design methods for array feeds of the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). We have tested a 5 × 4 port × 2 polarisation connected-chequerboard array at the prime focus of a 12 m diameter parabolic reflector. This prototype system currently achieves a system-temperature-onefficiency ratio / of 134 K at 1260 MHz and operates from 700 MHz to 1,800 MHz. The larger 94 port × 2 polarisation phased array feed being developed for ASKAP has a target / of 50 K. The time taken by a radio telescope to survey a fixed area of sky to a fixed sensitivity is proportional to ( / ) 2 .
“…Efficiency measurement of a Vivaldi element for a phase array feed (PAF) demonstrator [7] has been discussed in [8] where accuracy and repeatability of approximately 1% (or better, on average) was reported.…”
We present a method for measuring antenna efficiency of a one-dimensional (1-D) connected array. The method is a modified version of the Improved Wheeler Cap method where the antenna under test (AUT) is electrically connected to two walls of the Wheeler Cap thereby simulating the 1-D array connection. Theoretical analysis based on cylindrical wave functions and numerical simulations with Method-of-Moments (FEKO) are presented to establish accuracy estimates for the method. Finally, we discuss measurement apparatus for measuring efficiency of a connected patch array.
“…The phased array feed (PAF) is a technology being developed for next-generation radio telescopes such as the Square Kilometer Array [1,2,3,4]. Antenna beams are formed by digitizing and linearly combining the outputs of low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) integrated with a dense array of antenna elements, spaced by less than half the minimum wavelength.…”
We analyse the sensitivity of a dual-polarized planar connected array with single-ended low noise amplifier (LNA) loading and differential beamforming of the outputs of LNA pairs. Sensitivity is found to depend on the LNA minimum noise figure source admittance and input admittance, with the dependence on the input admittance being relatively weak. Good performance is obtained if these admittances are approximately a conjugate pair, maximizing sensitivity and efficiency respectively when the outputs of all LNAs are beamformed.
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