The Dunning model

Tennant, Thelma R.; Kim, Hyung L.; Sokoloff, Mitchell H.; Rinker‐Schaeffer, Carrie W.

doi:10.1002/1097-0045(20000601)43:4<295::aid-pros9>3.0.co;2-w

Cited by 90 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The present study used the highly metastatic Mat-LyLu cell line and the weakly metastatic AT-2 cell line, which were derived from the same Dunning rat prostate tumor (25). These cell lines were obtained from Imperial College, London (UK), and were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 1% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum, 1% l-glutamine and 0.5% dexamethasone.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hedera helix L. extracts on rat prostate cancer cell proliferation and motility

Aktaş

Altun

2016

Oncology Letters

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Abstract. Hedera helix L., a member of Araliaceae family, has antiproliferative, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiprotozoal and anti-inflammatory effects, and is used in cosmetics. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of treatment with extracts of leaves and unripened fruits of H. helix on rat prostate cancer cell lines with markedly different metastatic potentials: Mat-LyLu cells (strongly metastatic) and AT-2 cells (weakly metastatic). The effects of the extracts on cell kinetics and migration were determined. Tetrodotoxin was used to block the voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) associated specifically with Mat-LyLu cells. Cell proliferation was detected spectrophotometrically using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. The mitotic index was determined using the Feulgen staining method. Lateral motility was quantified by wound-healing assays. The results of the present study demonstrated that cell kinetics (proliferation and mitotic activity) and motility were inhibited by ethanolic leaf extract of H. helix. The ethanolic extract of H. helix fruit suppressed Mat-LyLu cell migration, with no effect on proliferation. The opposite effects were observed in AT-2 cells; migration was not affected but proliferation was inhibited. In conclusion, the ethanolic fruit extract of H. helix may inhibit the cell migration of Mat-LyLu cells by blocking VGSCs. However, the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of H. helix treatment on the lateral motility of the cancer cells is unclear. IntroductionProstate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated mortality among men worldwide (1). By the time prostate cancer is diagnosed, metastasis has occurred in the majority of men, as early prostate cancer has no symptoms. Metastatic diseases are a significant public health problem affecting cancer patients and their families (2). Metastasis occurs when malignant cells leave the primary tumor, migrate via the circulatory system, localize in distant areas and lead to the development of secondary tumors. It is a multistep process, and the steps are similar in all tumors. Mobilization of tumor cells is an important step in metastasis (3). Ion channels regulate, and stimulate numerous behavioral changes in cells that are associated with cancer and metastasis, including cell movement (elongation and lateral motility) (4,5), migration, galvanotaxis (6) and invasion (7,8). A number of in vitro (9-11) and in vivo (12) studies performed using tetrodotoxin (TTX), which specifically blocks voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) (13), have suggested that the plasma membrane of prostate cancer cells may gain a more excitable phenotype due to increased VGSC expression, and thus malignancy is able to progress. Bennett et al (11) demonstrated that VGSC expression was 'necessary' and 'enough' for the invasiveness of prostate cancer cells. Prostate cancer tends to invade the bones, lungs and lymph nodes (14). Combating metastasis formation and growth are important for succ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hedera helix L. extracts on rat prostate cancer cell proliferation and motility

Aktaş

Altun

2016

Oncology Letters

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“…Thus, HiSS may provide improved sensitivity to the complicated microenvironment of prostate cancer. 32,34 In the present experiments the water resonance line shapes from EPSI datasets are often asymmetrical, suggesting the presence of multiple components. However, EPSI does not show the well-resolved spectral features that are evident in the corresponding CSI data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Comparison of high‐resolution echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging with conventional MR imaging of prostate tumors in mice

Fan

Foxley

et al. 2005

NMR in Biomedicine

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High spectral and spatial resolution (HiSS) MRI of rodent tumors has previously been performed using conventional spectroscopic imaging to obtain images with improved contrast and anatomic detail. The work described here evaluates the use of much faster echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) to acquire HiSS data from rodent tumor models of prostate cancer. A high-resolution EPSI pulse sequence was implemented on a 4.7 T Bruker scanner. Three-dimensional EPSI data were Fourier-transformed along the k-space and temporal (free-induction decay) axes to produce detailed water and fat spectra associated with each small image voxel. The data were used to generate images of spectral parameters, e.g. peak-height images for each small voxel. Two variants of EPSI were performed; gradient-echo or spin-echo excitation with EPSI readout. These imaging methods were tested in commonly used rodent prostate cancers, including seven mice implanted with non-metastatic AT2.1 (n ¼ 3) and metastatic AT3.1 (n ¼ 4) prostate tumors on the hind leg, and 10 mice implanted with LNCaP prostate cancers in situ. The peak-height images derived from EPSI datasets provide more detailed tumor anatomy, improved signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios compared with the gradient-echo or spin-echo images at all echo times. The results suggest that HiSS MRI data from small animal models of prostate cancer can be acquired using EPSI, and that this approach improves imaging of heterogeneous tissue and vascular environments inside the tumors compared with conventional MR techniques.

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“…It is reported that Caspase-4 is localized on the ER membrane as well as in the mitochondria and is considered to be the best candidate that would function similar to mouse caspase-12. 53 In summary, we have demonstrated for the first time that VES, a derivative of VE, is capable of inhibiting prostate cancer growth in vivo. The mechanism of this antitumor effect involves the promotion of apoptosis via the activation of caspase-4 in prostate cancer cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Vitamin E succinate suppresses prostate tumor growth by inducing apoptosis

Malafa

Fokum

Andoh

et al. 2006

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Prostate cancer is a major cause of cancer death and morbidity in western countries. However, because of its intrinsic nature of chemoresistance, there is only limited systemic therapy available for the patients. Vitamin E (VE) has been under intensive study as a chemopreventive agent for various types of cancers. Preclinical studies suggest that vitamin E succinate (VES) is the most effective antitumor analogue of VE, yet there are scarce studies of VES in prostate cancer. In this study, we investigated the effects of VES on a panel of prostate cancer cells, and a xenograft model of prostate cancer. Our results indicate that VES significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of prostate cancer cell lines in a dose and time dependent manner. The results of microarray analysis followed by real-time RT-PCR and inhibitor analyses indicated that the VES-induced apoptosis is mediated by caspase-4 in prostate tumor cells. In our animal model of prostate cancer in SCID mouse, daily injection of VES significantly suppressed tumor growth as well as lung metastases. These results suggest a potential therapeutic utility of VES for patients with prostate cancer. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: vitamin E succinate; prevention; nutrition; cancer; proliferation; tumor growth Prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer in men and a leading cause of cancer death in the United States. 1 A large fraction of prostate cancer patients have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, and despite significant improvements in surgical techniques and chemotherapies, definitive local treatments are not effective for these patients. The treatment options for prostate cancer are quite limited because of its intrinsic nature of resistance to chemotherapy and endocrine manipulation. Therefore, preventive treatment for prostate cancer by diet and nutrition is considered an important area of research. Of all the micronutrients, vitamin E (VE) has received particular attention because of the promising results of a double blind placebo controlled randomized clinical trial from Finland. The cohort study of a-tocopherol and b-carotene for cancer prevention revealed that prostate cancer incidence was decreased by 32% and mortality was decreased by 41% among men who received a-tocopherol. 2 a-Tocopherol is the form of VE commonly used as a dietary supplement. The result of this study is consistent with another trial that has indicated the protective role of VE in the prevention of prostate cancer. [3][4][5][6][7][8] These results suggest the therapeutic utility of VE for prevention of prostate cancer and form the basis of the SELECT Prostate Cancer Prevention trial that is in progress in the United States. 2,9 VE is thought to exert its protective effects on prostate cancer because of its ability to act as an antioxidant. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Recently, vitamin E succinate (VES), which is an ester analog of VE, has drawn much attention because of its more potent antitumor effect than that of VE. The antioxidant activity o...

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The Dunning model

Cited by 90 publications

References 41 publications

Effects of Hedera helix L. extracts on rat prostate cancer cell proliferation and motility

Effects of Hedera helix L. extracts on rat prostate cancer cell proliferation and motility

Comparison of high‐resolution echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging with conventional MR imaging of prostate tumors in mice

Vitamin E succinate suppresses prostate tumor growth by inducing apoptosis

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