The durability of rocks--Developing a test of rock resistance to chemical weathering

Franke, W.

doi:10.2475/08.2009.04

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Broad landforms within the Guiana Shield are also linked to the type of rock (Kroonenberg & De Roever ) and its resistance to chemical weathering. Granite is one of the most resistant rocks to chemical dissolution (Franke ) and possibly more resistant than rhyolite, rhyodacite, dacite and andesite. These differences in resistance generate differences in depth of the weathering front and therefore differential erosive processes create altitudinal differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validating forest types based on geological and land‐form features in central Amazonia

Figueiredo

Costa

Nelson

et al. 2013

J Vegetation Science

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Questions Are topography‐based forest types floristically consistent between sites in central Amazonia? Do broad landform and geological features control site‐specific edaphic and floristic variation and therefore obfuscate the floristic classification based on local topographical classes? Is model‐based clustering a useful tool for floristic classification? Location Non‐inundated forest of central Amazonia, north of the Amazon River. Methods We analysed species presence–absence of a group of terrestrial monocot herbs (Zingiberales) in 123 plots (250 × 2 m) concentrated in three sites of non‐inundated forests. Distances between plots were 1–140 km. Floristic patterns were extracted by dimensionality reduction using geodesic floristic distance. We applied a model‐based cluster analysis (MC) coupled with the Bayesian information criterion to determine the best floristic classification. We used geometric and non‐geometric internal evaluators to compare the performance of MC to the agglomerative hierarchical clustering method UPGMA. The floristic clusters were tested for differences in edaphic and topographic features. Landform‐geological classes were defined based on geological maps and a digital elevation model. We used the Kappa index and ANOVA to evaluate the agreement between landform–geological classes, floristic clusters and environmental features. Results The best MC solution found four floristic clusters. Differences in soil chemical properties, which were linked with lithological classes and broad land‐form features, explained abrupt floristic changes and floristic differences between the same topographical habitats of different sites. Within poor soils, floristic classes defined by elevation along the soil catena (upland and valley forests) were fuzzy. Valley sandy forest was not floristically consistent across sites due to subtle edaphic variation. Using a non‐geometric internal evaluator, MC coupled with geodesic floristic distance estimation performed better overall than UPGMA. Main conclusions Geological classes defined by lithology and broad landform features control the major variation of edaphic and floristic patterns in central Amazonia. MC proved to be a useful method to classify and interpret floristic patterns. Revised vegetation maps that account for lithology, broad land‐form features and edaphic conditions would therefore be a better proxy for regional floristic variation than the presently used simple classes based on position along the catena.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validating forest types based on geological and land‐form features in central Amazonia

Figueiredo

Costa

Nelson

et al. 2013

J Vegetation Science

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“…Najnowsze badania zweryfikowały nieco powyższe dane. W temperaturze +20°C i przy pH 3,8 rozpuszczalność kalcytu okazała się około 8 do 10 razy wyższa od rozpuszczalności dolomitu, a przy pH 5,5 różnica ta maleje do 2−2,2 razy (Franke, 2009). Obserwacje terenowe w wielu przypadkach zaprzeczają jednak twierdzeniu o wyższej odporności dolomitu na procesy wietrzeniowe.…”

Section: Wietrzenie Glin Lodowcowych I Jego Wpływ Na Badania Eratykówunclassified

Eratyki fennoskandzkie w osadach glacjalnych Polski i ich znaczenie badawcze

Czubla¹

2015

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“…The mechanisms of chemical glass and rock alteration have been extensively studied in the past ( Furnes, 1975 ; Seyfried and Bischoff, 1979 ; Oelkers, 2001 ; Gislason and Oelkers, 2003 ; Franke, 2009 ; Gudbrandsson et al, 2011 ; Dultz et al, 2016 ). However, we are still beginning to understand the contribution of microorganisms to these processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Microbial Alteration and Fe Mobilization From Basaltic Rocks of the ICDP HSDP2 Drill Core, Hilo, Hawaii

et al. 2018

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The interaction of a single bacterial species (Burkholderia fungorum) with basaltic rocks from the ICDP HSDP2 drill core and synthetic basaltic glasses was investigated in batch laboratory experiments to better understand the role of microbial activity on rock alteration and Fe mobilization. Incubation experiments were performed with drill core basaltic rock samples to investigate differences in the solution chemistry during biotic and abiotic alteration. Additionally, colonization experiments with synthetic basaltic glasses of different Fe redox states and residual stresses were performed to evaluate their influence on microbial activity and surface attachment of cells. In biotic incubation experiments bacterial growth was observed and the release of Fe and other major elements from drill core basaltic rocks to solution exceeded that of abiotic controls only when the rock sample assay was nutrient depleted. The concentration of dissolved major elements in solution in biotic colonization experiments with synthetic basaltic glasses increased with increasing residual stress and Fe(II) content. Furthermore, the concentration of dissolved Fe and Al increased similarly in biotic colonization experiments indicating that their dissolution might be triggered by microbial activity. Surface morphology imaging by SEM revealed that cells on basaltic rocks in incubation experiments were most abundant on the glass and surfaces with high roughness and almost absent on minerals. In colonization experiments, basaltic glasses with residual stress and high Fe(II) content were intensely covered with a cellular biofilm. In contrast, glasses with high Fe(III) content and no residual stress were sparsely colonized. We therefore conclude that structurally bound Fe is most probably used by B. fungorum as a nutrient. Furthermore, we assume that microbial activity overall increased rock dissolution as soon as the environment becomes nutrient depleted. Our results show that besides compositional effects, other factors such as redox state and residual stress can control microbial alteration of basaltic glasses.

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The durability of rocks--Developing a test of rock resistance to chemical weathering

Cited by 24 publications

References 54 publications

Validating forest types based on geological and land‐form features in central Amazonia

Validating forest types based on geological and land‐form features in central Amazonia

Eratyki fennoskandzkie w osadach glacjalnych Polski i ich znaczenie badawcze

Experimental Microbial Alteration and Fe Mobilization From Basaltic Rocks of the ICDP HSDP2 Drill Core, Hilo, Hawaii

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