“…However, for several reasons (reviewed by Lambreght & Zonneveld, 2004) it was only the 4 th report on planning, published in 1988 (VROM, 1988), that first explicitly anticipated on market-driven regional development ( Van der Valk, 2002). The belief in fair, distributional principles, the backbone of the original Randstad concept, endured in this report, in the form of the Stedenring Centraal Nederland (Dutch Central City Rim), a version of the Randstad concept that included some urban agglomerations in the east of the Netherlands.…”